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 Definition of a Critical Path Method (CPM) Schedule:

CPM schedules are based on network diagrams that logically link activities, showing the sequence and dependencies between them.

These schedules identify the critical path, which is the longest path through the network, determining the project's shortest possible duration.

 Evaluation of Options:

Option A: Incorrect. While CPM schedules do include tasks and timelines, the defining feature is the logical interconnection of activities.

Option B: Incorrect. CPM schedules are not limited to "risky" work; they show all activities.

Option C: Incorrect. CPM schedules use network diagrams, not just graphical representations.

Option D: Correct. The network diagram is the key characteristic of CPM schedules.

Negative total float occurs when an activity’s scheduled completion date extends beyond the project deadline due to constraints. This condition indicates that the activity is still pending and needs immediate attention to avoid further delays.

Option A (milestone) is unrelated.

Option B (critical path) is not necessarily true, as activities with negative float can exist off the critical path under certain constraints.

Option C (completed in the past) is incorrect as negative float applies only to future or ongoing activities​​.

 Understanding the Requirement:

The "normal" schedule duration is 1072 days for Activity 1000 (General Conditions).

Billing occurs at the end of each month for the previous month.

Partial months are included in billing cycles.

 Total Project Duration in Months:

Total days: 1072.

Convert to months: 107230.44≈35.2\frac{1072}{30.44} \approx 35.230.441072​≈35.2 months.

Include partial months, which adds 1 additional invoice.

 Total Invoices:

Full months: 35.

Partial months: 7 (assuming each partial month is rounded up to include invoicing).

Total invoices = 35+7=4235 + 7 = 4235+7=42.

 PSP Principles Cross-Verification:PSP guidelines emphasize accurate conversion of schedule durations into calendar billing periods for effective cash flow management (Ref: PSP Study Guide, Chapter 2B: Schedule Output and Deliverables).

 The Late Finish (LF) of Activity 7001, when compared with dependencies in the precedence diagram, does not align with logical flow, indicating an error in its calculation.

 Validating LF involves backward pass calculations, which must respect lags and durations.

 References: PSP Study Guide, Section 2.3.4 – Schedule Change Management, and 2.4.3 – Schedule Analysis, focus on identifying and correcting logic or calculation errors in schedules.

Crashing increases direct costs as additional resources, equipment, or expedited delivery methods are employed to shorten the project duration. The PSP Study Guide (Section 2.3.5, "Acceleration") highlights that crashing involves trade-offs between time and cost, often resulting in higher demobilization costs due to the increased deployment of equipment and resources.

To constrain a project's end date, a Finish-No-Later constraint is applied to the last activity. This ensures any slippage results in negative float, signaling delays relative to the fixed deadline.

Option A and B apply to earlier constraints, which are not relevant for controlling the project's end date.

Option D applies a constraint to the first activity, not the project finish.

This concept aligns with controlling project deadlines as described in the PSP Study Guide​.

 Critical Path Analysis:

Critical path activities include proofing, printing, and packaging.

Delays or baseline adherence does not alter the sequence of critical activities.

 Impact Assessment:

No additional changes occur to the baseline critical path in the given scenario.

 Cross-Verification:

Option A: Incorrect. Assumes two path changes.

Option B: Incorrect. Incorrect number of changes.

Option D: Incorrect. Overestimates critical path shifts.

Option C: Correct. Reflects no critical path changes.

 Determining the Late Finish (LF) of Activity 6002 involves analyzing its successor activity, 6003, and considering the lag (if any).

 By subtracting 1 day from the Late Start (LS) of 6003, the Late Finish (LF) of 6002 is derived. The date calculation aligns with this logic, making 09 Mar 2023 the correct date.

 References: PSP Study Guide, Section 2.2.5 – Constraints and Calendars, and Appendix A – Example CPM Problems, which detail LF and LS calculations.

The cumulative cost baseline typically forms an "S" curve, reflecting slow initial expenditures, accelerating progress during peak activities, and tapering off as the project concludes.

Option A, B, and D do not represent the characteristic shape of a project's cost curve.

The PSP Study Guide highlights the "S" curve as a standard graphical representation of cumulative project costs over time​.