Pass the PMI PMI Certification PMI-SP Questions and answers with CertsForce

The project calendar needs to be updated to reflect the 24-hour time period rather than the 8-hour time period. The project calendar is used to define the working and nonworking days and times for tasks. This calendar is usually used to represent an organization's traditional working hours. Project uses this calendar to schedule tasks that do not have resources assigned or that have a task type of fixed duration. By default, the Standard base calendar is used as the project calendar. A user can also reflect alternative schedules by using other base calendars. The working days and hours in the project calendar reflect the working days and hours for the whole project. A user can also specify special days off, such as company holidays. A user can also indicate other nonworking times to reflect periods when the whole team will be working on nonproject activities, such as company meetings or department retreats.

Answer option D is incorrect. The schedule management plan will reference to the project calendar and the resource calendar. It does not need to be updated directly as a result of the time period change.

Answer option C is incorrect. The resource calendar does not need to be updated as this document defines when resources are available.

Answer option B is incorrect. The activities of the project are not changing, only the time periods of the project calendar.

Sequence Activities is one of the twenty processes of the Planning Process group. It is the process of identifying and documenting relationships among the project activities. Inputs Following are the inputs to this activity:

Activity list

Activity attributes

Milestone list

Project scope statement

Organizational process assets

Outputs Following are the outputs of the sequence activities process:

Project schedule network diagrams

Project document updates

The best answer for this question is a template. When projects adapt previous project plans for the current project, it is an example of a project template. Template is an activity list or a part of the activity list taken from the previous project and used in a new project.

Answer option D is incorrect. A parametric estimate is an estimate that uses a parameter to predict the costs of the project, such as cost per network drop or cost per software license. Parametric estimating technique utilizes the statistical relationship that exists between a series of historical data and a particular delineated list of other variables.

Answer option A is incorrect. Expert judgment is not the best choice for this question. Expert judgment is a technique based on a set of criteria that has been acquired in a specific knowledge area or product area. It is obtained when the project manager or project team requires specialized knowledge that they do not possess. Expert judgment involves people most familiar with the work of creating estimates. Preferably, the project team member who will be doing the task should complete the estimates. Expert judgment is applied when performing administrative closure activities, and experts should ensure the project or phase closure is performed to the appropriate standards.

Answer option B is incorrect. Analogous is an estimating technique that uses the values of parameter, such as scope, cost, budget, and duration or measures of scale such as size, weight, and complexity from a previous, similar activity as the basis for estimation of the same parameter for a future activity. It is a top-down estimating technique and is a form of expert judgment. It provides a lower degree of accuracy than other estimating techniques. This technique is primarily used when there is a limited amount of detailed information about the project or program.

You should use the control charts to demonstrate how a process behaves over time, and when a process is subject to special cause variation, resulting in an out-of-control condition. Control charts are graphical representations of different processes. These charts contain the maximum and minimum values allowed. Control charts are used to determine whether or not a process is stable or has predictable performance. A process is considered out of control when a data point exceeds a control limit or if seven consecutive points are above or below the mean.

Answer option B is incorrect. The Ishikawa diagram (or fishbone diagram or also cause-and-effect diagram) are diagrams, that shows the causes of a certain event. A common use of the Ishikawa diagram is to identify potential factors causing an overall effect. It helps identify causal factors and contributing causes.

It is known as a fishbone diagram because of its shape, similar to the side view of a fish skeleton. It is considered as a basic tool of quality management.

Answer option A is incorrect. A Pareto chart is a special type of bar chart where the values being plotted are arranged in descending order. The graph is accompanied by a line graph, which shows the cumulative totals of each category, left to right. The chart is named after Vilfredo Pareto, and its use in quality assurance was popularized by Joseph M. Juran and Kaoru Ishikawa.

Answer option C is incorrect. A scatter chart is a type of display using Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis. A scatter diagram shows the pattern of relationship between two variables. This tool allows the quality team to study and identify the possible relationship between changes observed in two variables. Dependent variables versus independent variables are plotted. The closer the points are to a diagonal line, the more closely they are related.

The various group creativity techniques are as follows: Brainstorming: It is a technique used to generate and collect multiple ideas related to the project and product requirements. Nominal group technique: It is a technique used to enhance brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming or prioritization. Delphi technique: It is a techniques used to identify potential risk. In this technique, the responses are gathered via a questionnaire from different experts and their inputs are organized according to their contents. Idea/mind mapping: It is a technique used to map the ideas generated by brainstorming to reflect the commonality and differences in understanding and generating new ideas. Affinity diagram: It is a technique used to allow a large number of ideas to be sorted into groups for review and analysis.

The schedule development process is used for selecting a scheduling method, scheduling tool, incorporating project specific data within that scheduling tool to develop a project specific schedule model, and generating project schedule. Schedule development is the process of analyzing activity sequences, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create the project schedule. Inserting the activities, durations, and resources into the scheduling tool generates a schedule with planned dates for completing the project activities. The goal of the schedule development is to form the processes such that the stakeholders can use it in the creation of the project. Schedule development consists of two main sections:

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1.Input and Data: The starting point for any schedule is the input of information developed during the planning process.

Define schedule scope

Breakdown structure relationships

Schedule specification

Feedback from stakeholders

Cost estimate model

2.Creating Schedule: This process provides basic knowledge in an outline structure for a study of the means, methods, and tools necessary for the project schedule development process.

Types of schedules

Activities

Durations

Relationships

Constraints and calendars

Cost and resource loading

Schedule quality analysis and compliance review

Schedule basis documentation

Answer option B is incorrect. Schedules maintenance is a method to account progress and to forecast trends, progress, and completion. Schedules are used to manage successful execution of projects. A schedule models the plan using resources and execution strategy to gather the project objectives. Periodic updates are undertaken to determine the actual progress achieved. Information obtained in the updating process, along with trend analysis and forecast of future progress, is reported to stakeholders. These progress updates include schedule maintenance to account for nominal changes to the execution plan. Depending upon the nature of change, the schedule and assumptions upon which the schedule was based significantly change. The schedule must be re-examined and updated, as necessary, to develop a new baseline for measuring further progress. Schedule maintenance consists of the following elements:

Baseline Schedule

Tracking Schedule Progress

Cost and Resource Management

Schedule Change Management

Acceleration

Schedule Maintenance Feedback

Answer option D is incorrect. Perform Integrated Change Control is the process of reviewing all change requests, approving changes, and controlling changes to the deliverables and organizational process assets in a project. Perform Integrated Change Control has to do with influencing the things that cause change, determining that the change is required or has happened, and managing the change.

Answer option A is incorrect. Constructability analysis is a process that starts in the initial planning phases and persists all over the entire planning cycle and into the implementation phase of the project. Constructability analysis during the planning process examines the methods and cost of installed equipment and materials, technology, site conditions, resources, and related infrastructure. The benefit of constructability analysis is to reduce both the time and cost of a project. Constructability analysis is repeatedly performed throughout the life-cycle of a project in order to optimize cost, plan, and schedule while mitigating risk. It is a very important process that needs to be performed early in planning to allow alternatives to be considered and integrated into the design.

A three-point estimate requires that each activity be estimated for its optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic duration. Once the three estimates have been created, an average of the duration estimates is found and this is the recorded duration for the project work.

Answer option A is incorrect. This is not a complete explanation of a three-point estimate.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is a definition of PERT, a similar time estimating technique.

Answer option D is incorrect. This is definition of PERT, but this answer uses the term GERT so it is not a valid choice.

Performance reports should be created regularly or on an exception basis. A performance report tracks the performance of the program/project team members. A template can be created that tracks performance, such as work results, schedule, costs, and other factors. The performance report must include both the positive and negative performance for the staff.

Answer option A is incorrect. Weekly may be appropriate for many projects, but it does not include the opportunity to create a report by exception.

Answer option D is incorrect. Regular reporting is also needed or at least, an option for the project manager.

Answer option B is incorrect. This is not a valid answer as milestones will vary per project and does not offer an opportunity for exceptions reporting.

Reserve analysis is not an input to the determine budget process. It is a technique used for determining the budget. The inputs to the determine budget process are as follows: Activity cost estimates Basis of estimates Scope baseline Project schedule Resource calendars Contracts Organizational process assets

Change requests are an output of performance report, and allow the project manager to address corrective actions and preventive actions to help the project get back in alignment with performance baselines.

Answer option B is incorrect. While performance reports are an output of the performance reporting, these reports do not specifically address the problems in the project.

Answer option A is incorrect. Updating the organizational process assets is an important activity, but it does not address the poor performance directly.

Answer option C is incorrect. Performance re-baselining is not an output of performance reporting so this choice is not valid.