Pass the Cisco CCNP Security 350-701 Questions and answers with CertsForce

When a Cisco WSA receives a web request, it evaluates it against the policies in the policy table. Each policy type has a predefined, global policy, which maintains default actions for that policy type. If the web request does not match any user-defined policy, the WSA applies the global policy. The global policy can be configured to allow, block, or redirect the web request based on various criteria. The global policy acts as a catch-all policy for any web request that is not explicitly handled by a user-defined policy. References :=

User Guide for AsyncOS 11.0 for Cisco Web Security Appliances - Create Policies to Control Internet Requests

User Guide for AsyncOS 12.7 for Cisco Web Security Appliances - LD (Limited Deployment) - Acquire End-User Credentials

The absence of a DNS record in User Activity Search shows that the query is not reaching Cisco’s DNS-layer enforcement. Cisco documents that an Internal Domains entry sends DNS queries to local resolvers and bypasses both the roaming security component and Umbrella DNS protection. By contrast, an External Domains entry bypasses the Secure Web Gateway proxy while retaining DNS-layer protection. Cisco’s Internal and External Domain Lists guidance therefore supports adding this public domain to the External Domains list so its DNS request is evaluated by the SIA DNS category policy. HTTPS inspection is irrelevant when the DNS request itself is missing. Intelligent proxy affects selective web proxying after DNS classification. Adding the domain to the Internal Domains list would preserve the bypass and continue preventing the DNS event from appearing.

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 PAC files are scripts that tell web browsers how to use proxies on the network. They use if-else statements to determine whether to use a proxy or a direct connection for traffic between the PC and the host, based on criteria such as the destination URL, the source IP address, or the network subnet12. The WSA can host PAC files on port 9001 by default, and this port can be changed in the PAC file hosting settings2. If the WSA host port is changed, the default port does not redirect web traffic to the correct port automatically; the browser needs to point to the new port in the PAC file URL2. The WSA does not host PAC files on port 6001 by default2. PAC files do not direct traffic through a proxy when the PC and the host are on the same subnet by default; this behavior depends on the PAC file logic12. References:

PAC file format

PAC file hosting on WSA

VMware APIC is a platform that integrates with Cisco ACI to provide enhanced visibility, policy integration and deployment, and security policies with access lists. VMware APIC is a virtual appliance that runs on VMware vSphere and communicates with the Cisco APIC controller. VMware APIC allows administrators to create and manage Cisco ACI policies for VMware virtual machines and networks. VMware APIC also provides a unified view of the physical and virtual network topology, health, and statistics. VMware APIC supports the following modes of Cisco ACI and VMware integration:

VMware VDS: When integrated with Cisco ACI, the VMware vSphere Distributed Switch (VDS) enables administrators to configure VM networking in the ACI fabric.

Cisco ACI Virtual Edge: Cisco ACI Virtual Edge is a distributed service that provides Layer 4 to Layer 7 services for applications running on VMware vSphere.

Cisco Application Virtual Switch (AVS): Cisco AVS is a distributed virtual switch that provides policy-based network services for VMware vSphere environments. References:

Cisco ACI with VMware VDS Integration

Cisco ACI and VMware NSX-T Data Center Integration

Cisco ACI and VMware: The Perfect Pair

Setting the Record Straight: Confusion about ACI on VMware Technologies

CoA (Change of Authorization) is a feature that allows ISE to dynamically change the authorization attributes of an endpoint after it has been authenticated. CoA can be triggered by various events, such as posture assessment, profiling, or manual intervention1. There are different types of CoA that ISE can send to the network access device (NAD) to perform different actions on the endpoint session. The CoA type that achieves the goal of forcing an endpoint to re-authenticate without disrupting its session is CoA Reauth. CoA Reauth instructs the NAD to initiate a new RADIUS authentication for the endpoint, which allows ISE to apply a new or updated policy based on the latest attributes of the endpoint2. The other CoA types do not achieve this goal, as they either disconnect the endpoint session or do not change the authorization attributes. Port Bounce causes the NAD to shut down and bring up the port where the endpoint is connected, which effectively disconnects and reconnects the endpoint session2. CoA Terminate causes the NAD to terminate the endpoint session and send an Accounting-Stop message to ISE2. CoA Session Query causes the NAD to send an Accounting-Request message to ISE with the current session information, but does not change the authorization attributes of the endpoint2. References:

Cisco Content Hub - Manage Network Devices, section “CoA Types”

Solved: COA and ISE Clarification - Cisco Community, answer by Tarik Admani

Configuring Profiler Policies [Cisco Identity Services Engine] - Cisco …, section “Change of Authorization”

Cisco Firepower impact flags are indicators that help you evaluate the impact an intrusion has on your network by correlating intrusion data, network discovery data, and vulnerability information1. Impact flags are assigned to intrusion events based on the following criteria:

The operating system and application protocol of the target host

The exploitability of the target host by the attacker

The relevance of the intrusion rule to the target host

The severity of the intrusion rule Impact flags can have four values: unknown, neutral, affected, or vulnerable. Unknown means that the system does not have enough information to assess the impact. Neutral means that the system knows the target host is not affected by the intrusion. Affected means that the system knows the target host is affected by the intrusion, but not necessarily exploitable. Vulnerable means that the system knows the target host is exploitable by the intrusion1. Impact flags can help you prioritize your response to intrusion events, as well as generate reports and alerts based on the impact level. You can also use impact flags to filter and search for intrusion events in the Firepower Management Center1. References: 1: Firepower Management Center Configuration Guide, Version 6.1 - External Alerting with Alert Responses.

To deploy Cisco WSA in transparent mode, the configuration component that must be used is WCCP on switch. WCCP stands for Web Cache Communication Protocol, which is a protocol that allows a network device (such as a switch) to redirect web traffic to a proxy server (such as Cisco WSA) transparently. This means that the client does not need to configure any proxy settings on the browser, and the proxy server can intercept and process the web requests and responses without the client’s knowledge. WCCP can also provide load balancing and failover capabilities for multiple proxy servers.

The other options are incorrect because they are not required or relevant for transparent mode deployment. Option A is incorrect because MDA (Multilink PPP Dial Access) is a feature that allows multiple physical links to be aggregated into a single logical link for dial-up connections. It has nothing to do with transparent mode. Option B is incorrect because PBR (Policy-Based Routing) is a feature that allows routing decisions to be based on criteria other than the destination IP address, such as source IP address, protocol, port, etc. It is not necessary for transparent mode, as WCCP can handle the traffic redirection. Option D is incorrect because DNS resolution on Cisco WSA is not a configuration component, but a function that allows the proxy server to resolve domain names to IP addresses. It is not specific to transparent mode, as it is also used in explicit mode. References:

What is the difference between transparent and forward proxy mode?

User Guide for AsyncOS 12.7 for Cisco Web Security Appliances - LD (Limited Deployment) - Acquire End-User Credentials

Cisco WSA : Is it possible to use web proxy in transparent mode without WCCP?

 The strongest security possible for SNMPv3 requires both authentication and encryption, which is achieved by using the priv security level. Authentication ensures that the message is from a valid source, and encryption scrambles the content of the packet to prevent it from being learned by an unauthorized source. The auth sha and priv aes 256 parameters specify the algorithms used for authentication and encryption, respectively. SHA is more secure than MD5, and AES 256 is more secure than DES or 3DES. Therefore, option D is the correct answer, as it uses the priv security level, the SHA algorithm for authentication, and the AES 256 algorithm for encryption. The other options either use a lower security level (noauth or authNoPriv), a weaker encryption algorithm (des or 3des), or no encryption at all. References :=

SNMP Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Release 3SE (Catalyst 3850 Switches) - SNMP Version 3

Configuration Template for SNMPv3 - Cisco Community

SNMP Version 3 - Cisco

Cisco defines Zero Trust Network Access as verifying users and devices and granting access to specific applications according to identity and context policies. Identity policy determines who or what is making the request through attributes such as user, group, authentication strength, and device identity. Context policy evaluates the circumstances of the request, which can include device posture, location, risk, time, and other trust signals. Together, these policies let the trust broker make a least-privilege, per-application decision and re-evaluate it when conditions change. “Site-to-site” and “remote access” describe connectivity models rather than ZTNA policy types. “Access” describes the resulting authorization or may label a product policy container, but the two policy categories stated in Cisco’s ZTNA definition are identity and context. Therefore, the correct choices are A and D. Cisco ZTNA overview

Explanation

Device sensor is a feature of access devices. It allows to collect information about connected endpoints. Mostly,

information collected by Device Sensor can come from the following protocols:

+ Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)

+ Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)

+ Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Explanation

Each of the ASAs interfaces need to be grouped into one or more bridge groups. Each of these groups acts as an independent transparent firewall. It is not possible for one bridge group to communicate with another bridge group without assistance from an external router.

As of 8.4(1) upto 8 bridge groups are supported with 2-4 interface in each group. Prior to this only one bridge group was supported and only 2 interfaces.

Up to 4 interfaces are permitted per bridge–group (inside, outside, DMZ1, DMZ2)

The process in DevSecOps where all changes in the central code repository are merged and synchronized is called Continuous Integration (CI). CI is a practice that aims to improve the quality and speed of software development by automating the building, testing, and integration of code changes. CI enables developers to collaborate more effectively and detect errors early in the development cycle. CI also helps to ensure that the code in the repository is always in a deployable state and conforms to the security and quality standards123. References: 1: Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) course, Module 5: Secure Network Access, Identity Management, and Visibility, Lesson 5.1: Introducing DevSecOps 2: DevSecOps code process - AT & T4 3: Building a DevSecOps Culture - from a Technical Perspective5

Prompt Injection is the correct risk because the attacker places crafted instructions in input that cause the language model to disregard or alter its intended behavior. The instructions may be directly visible to a user or hidden inside content that the application supplies to the model. OWASP defines LLM01 Prompt Injection as user prompts changing model behavior or output in unintended ways and notes that the influencing content need not be human-visible. Output truncation concerns incomplete responses, not instruction manipulation. System prompt leakage is the exposure of hidden system instructions; it can be a consequence of prompt injection but is not the injection technique itself. Data exfiltration describes unauthorized information removal and likewise can be an outcome, rather than the vulnerability identified by the stem.

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