Pass the ASIS Physical Security Professional ASIS-PSP Questions and answers with CertsForce

System integration combines technology, procedures, and people—i.e., personnel—to create a cohesive and effective security solution. Personnel are essential for operating, monitoring, and responding to events within the system.

A (Safety) and D (Management) are broader organizational functions.

B (Equipment) is a part of the technology component, already implied.

The standard life cycle of a security project includes:

Feasibility – Determine whether the project should proceed.

Design – Develop system specifications and plans.

Execution – Install and implement the system.

Closeout – Finalize and evaluate project completion, transfer documentation, and training.

A, B, and D include non-standard or loosely defined stages.

Piecemeal security refers to the ad hoc or fragmented implementation of security measures without an overarching strategic plan. Security elements are added reactively, often after an incident or perceived risk, rather than being guided by a coordinated risk assessment. This results in inconsistent, sometimes redundant or ineffective protection efforts, leaving gaps in security coverage.

References from PSP: ASIS POA – Strategic Security Planning; PSP Study Manual – Program Design Principles

Staff authority occurs when individuals (such as a chief executive officer or department head) are given delegated authority by their superior but do not sit directly in the operational chain of command. They support line functions by providing recommendations, analysis, and specialized services. Unlike line authority, which involves direct supervision, staff authority enables influence through expertise or policy.

Financial authority (A) pertains to budget control.

Control authority (B) is not a formal organizational term.

Dominance authority (D) is not used in standard management structures.

In communism, the overthrow of capitalism is based on class struggle between the proletariat and bourgeoisie. Radical Islam is not centered around class conflict but rather on religious ideology and perceived moral decay. While radical Islamists may oppose Western or Russian systems, it is not explicitly framed as a class-based struggle akin to Marxist theory.

In perimeter lighting, light should be directed away from the protected area (toward potential adversaries) to illuminate potential threats outside the fence or perimeter, making it easier to detect intrusions. Backlighting (placing the source behind the area being monitored) enhances visibility of trespassers without creating glare for security personnel.

A, C, and D correctly describe standard characteristics of perimeter lighting.

B incorrectly suggests the wrong direction for optimal lighting design.

Multiplex systems allow multiple alarm signals to be transmitted over a single communication line. This significantly reduces the cost of leasing multiple phone lines while enhancing efficiency and providing a high level of security by encoding and validating data streams.

A (Circuit loop) is an older method using dedicated circuits.

C (Cellular) is wireless but may not always offer secure or low-cost options.

D (Dial-up) is cost-effective but offers limited security and speed.

Comprehensive Detailed Explanation:

Microwave sensors, which work by emitting electromagnetic waves and detecting changes in the reflected signal, are most effective when a target moves laterally (side-to-side) across the detection zone. This movement creates the greatest frequency shift (Doppler effect), making it easier for the sensor to detect motion.

Movement directly toward or away (C) causes minimal frequency change and can go undetected.

Speed (B or D) matters, but direction relative to the sensor is the key factor for detection efficiency.

A search is a legal and systematic examination of a person, place, or property with the intent to discover evidence of a crime. This must often be supported by probable cause and, in many cases, a warrant.

Examine (A), Test (B), and Research (C) are generic terms that lack the legal context and specificity of "Search."

The ignition stage is the point at which a fire starts. This occurs when fuel, heat, and oxygen are present in the correct combination and for the right duration. It marks the beginning of combustion and transitions the scenario from a fire hazard to an active fire.

Free burning (A) is a later stage where flames are fully developed.

Pyrolysis stage (C) refers to pre-ignition gas release.

Incipient stage (D) can be synonymous with ignition but more commonly refers to the pre-flame development phase.