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The Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) posture module provides a service that allows you to check the compliance of endpoints with corporate security policies. This service consists of three main components: client provisioning, posture policy, and authorization policy. Client provisioning ensures that the endpoints receive the appropriate posture agent, such as the AnyConnect ISE Posture Agent or the Network Admission Control (NAC) Agent. Posture policy defines the conditions and requirements that the endpoints must meet to be considered compliant, such as having the latest antivirus updates or patches installed. Authorization policy determines the level of network access granted to the endpoints based on their posture assessment results, such as allowing full access, limited access, or quarantine.

The two actions that the Cisco ISE posture module provides that ensure endpoint security are:

The latest antivirus updates are applied before access is allowed. This action prevents malware infections and protects the network from potential threats. The posture policy can include predefined or custom conditions that check the antivirus status of the endpoints, such as the product name, version, definition date, and scan result. If the endpoint does not meet the antivirus requirement, the posture agent can trigger a remediation action, such as launching the antivirus update or scan, before allowing network access.

Patch management remediation is performed. This action ensures that the endpoints have the latest security patches installed and are not vulnerable to known exploits. The posture policy can include predefined or custom conditions that check the patch status of the endpoints, such as the operating system, service pack, hotfix, or update. If the endpoint does not meet the patch requirement, the posture agent can trigger a remediation action, such as redirecting the endpoint to a patch management server or launching the patch installation, before allowing network access.

References :=

Cisco Identity Services Engine Administrator Guide, Release 2.2 - Configure Client Posture Policies

Configuring posture services with the Cisco Identity Services Engine

Cisco Identity Services Engine Administrator Guide, Release 2.0 - Posture Policy

Explanation

TAXII (Trusted Automated Exchange of Indicator Information) is a standard that provides a transport

Explanation

The Cisco Umbrella Multi-Org console has the ability to upload, store, and archive traffic activity logs from your organizations’ Umbrella dashboards to the cloud through Amazon S3. CSV formatted Umbrella logs are compressed (gzip) and uploaded every ten minutes so that there’s a minimum of delay between traffic from the organization’s Umbrella dashboard being logged and then being available to download from an S3 bucket.

By having your organizations’ logs uploaded to an S3 bucket, you can then download logs automatically to keep in perpetuity in backup storage.

Network telemetry is the collection, measurement, and analysis of data related to the behavior and performance of a network1. It involves gathering information about routers, switches, servers, and applications to gain insights into how they function and how data moves through them. To correlate different sources of network telemetry data, it is important to enable Network Time Protocol (NTP) across all network infrastructure devices. NTP is a protocol that synchronizes the clocks of network devices to a common reference time source2. This ensures that the network telemetry data has consistent timestamps and can be compared and correlated accurately. NTP also helps with troubleshooting network issues, as it allows network administrators to pinpoint the exact time of events and anomalies. NTP is a core security technology that is covered in the Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) course3, which helps you prepare for the Cisco CCNP Security and CCIE Security certifications and for senior-level security roles. References: 1: Network Telemetry Explained: Frameworks, Applications & Standards - Splunk 2: [Network Time Protocol (NTP) - Cisco] 3: Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0

Mobile device management (MDM) is a toolset that provides a workforce with mobile productivity tools and applications while keeping corporate data secure1. One of the essential capabilities of an MDM solution is the unified management of mobile devices, Macs, and PCs from a centralized dashboard2. This allows IT and security departments to manage all of a company’s devices, regardless of their operating system, and perform tasks such as provisioning, configuration, update, lock, wipe, and troubleshoot2. Another important capability of an MDM solution is the enforcement of device security policies from a centralized dashboard3. This enables IT and security departments to protect the device’s applications, data, and content, and ensure compliance with organizational and regulatory standards3. For example, an MDM solution can set minimum password strength, encrypt data, restrict access, and detect threats3.

 1: What is Mobile Device Management (MDM)? | IBM 2: 5 Essential Capabilities of an MDM Solution | Macworld 3: What is device management? | Microsoft Learn

Explanation

A buffer overflow (or buffer overrun) occurs when the volume of data exceeds the storage capacity of the memory buffer. As a result, the program attempting to write the data to the buffer overwrites adjacent memory locations.

Buffer overflow is a vulnerability in low level codes of C and C++. An attacker can cause the program to crash, make data corrupt, steal some private information or run his/her own code. It basically means to access any buffer outside of it’s alloted memory space. This happens quite frequently in the case of arrays.

The FMC and managed devices communicate using a two-way, SSL-encrypted communication channel, which by default is on port 8305.

Cisco strongly recommends that you keep the default settings for the remote management port, but if the

management port conflicts with other communications on your network, you can choose a different port. If you change the management port, you must change it for all devices in your deployment that need to communicate with each other.

Explanation

Explanation

Easy Connect simplifies network access control and segmentation by allowing the assignment of Security

Group Tags to endpoints without requiring 802.1X on those endpoints, whether using wired or wireless

connectivity.

To deploy Cisco WSA in transparent mode, the configuration component that must be used is WCCP on switch. WCCP stands for Web Cache Communication Protocol, which is a protocol that allows a network device (such as a switch) to redirect web traffic to a proxy server (such as Cisco WSA) transparently. This means that the client does not need to configure any proxy settings on the browser, and the proxy server can intercept and process the web requests and responses without the client’s knowledge. WCCP can also provide load balancing and failover capabilities for multiple proxy servers.

The other options are incorrect because they are not required or relevant for transparent mode deployment. Option A is incorrect because MDA (Multilink PPP Dial Access) is a feature that allows multiple physical links to be aggregated into a single logical link for dial-up connections. It has nothing to do with transparent mode. Option B is incorrect because PBR (Policy-Based Routing) is a feature that allows routing decisions to be based on criteria other than the destination IP address, such as source IP address, protocol, port, etc. It is not necessary for transparent mode, as WCCP can handle the traffic redirection. Option D is incorrect because DNS resolution on Cisco WSA is not a configuration component, but a function that allows the proxy server to resolve domain names to IP addresses. It is not specific to transparent mode, as it is also used in explicit mode. References:

What is the difference between transparent and forward proxy mode?

User Guide for AsyncOS 12.7 for Cisco Web Security Appliances - LD (Limited Deployment) - Acquire End-User Credentials

Cisco WSA : Is it possible to use web proxy in transparent mode without WCCP?

 Cisco Advanced Phishing Protection (AAP) is a solution that adds sophisticated machine learning capabilities to Cisco Email Security to block advanced identity deception attacks for inbound email by assessing its threat posture1. It also uses both global and local telemetry data combined with analytics and modeling to validate the reputation and authenticity of senders2. AAP provides sender authentication and BEC detection capabilities, and uses advanced machine learning techniques, real-time behavior analytics, relationship modeling and telemetry to protect against identity deception–based threats3.

In two ways, the Cisco Advanced Phishing Protection solution protects users:

It prevents use of compromised accounts and social engineering. AAP detects and blocks phishing emails that attempt to impersonate legitimate senders, such as executives, partners, or customers, and trick users into revealing sensitive information or transferring funds. AAP analyzes the sender’s identity, behavior, and relationship with the recipient, and assigns a risk score to the email. If the email is deemed suspicious or malicious, AAP can quarantine it, flag it, or deliver it with a warning4.

It automatically removes malicious emails from users’ inbox. AAP provides retrospective analysis and remediation capabilities, which means that it can identify and remove emails that were initially delivered but later found to be malicious. AAP leverages the Cisco Talos threat intelligence network and the Sensor-based solution to continuously monitor the threat landscape and update the email disposition accordingly. If an email is reclassified as malicious, AAP can automatically delete it from the users’ inbox, or notify the administrator or the user to take action45.

The other options are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the functions of AAP. AAP does not prevent all zero-day attacks coming from the Internet, as it focuses on phishing and identity deception attacks. AAP does not prevent trojan horse malware using sensors, as sensors are used to collect and analyze email data, not to block malware. AAP does not secure all passwords that are shared in video conferences, as it is not related to video conferencing security. Therefore, the correct answer is A and C. References:

Cisco’s Security Innovations to Protect the Endpoint and Email

Cisco Advanced Phishing Protection - Cisco Video Portal

Cisco Advanced Phishing Protection At A Glance - AVANTEC

User Guide for Cisco Advanced Phishing Protection

Cisco Secure Email Threat Defense - Cisco

Integrating the Email Gateway with Cisco Advanced Phishing Protection

The RAT (Recipient Access Table) is the list that contains the allowed recipient addresses on the Cisco ESA. The RAT controls whether the ESA accepts or rejects messages to a recipient address based on the sender group and the mail policy. The RAT can be configured to allow, relay, or reject messages to specific recipients or domains. The RAT can also be used to apply different message filters or content filters to different recipient groups12. References: 1: Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) course, Module 2: Network Security, Lesson 3: Deploying Cisco Email Security Appliance, Topic: Configuring Mail Policies2: Cisco Email Security Appliance User Guide, Release 13.5 - Configuring Mail Policies [Cisco Secure Email Gateway] - Cisco.

Explanation

Explanation

… we will showcase Cisco Threat Intelligence Director (CTID) an exciting feature on Cisco’s Firepower

Management Center (FMC) product offering that automates the operationalization of threat intelligence. TID has the ability to consume threat intelligence via STIX over TAXII and allows uploads/downloads of STIX and simple blacklists. Reference: https://blogs.cisco.com/developer/automate-threat-intelligence-using-cisco-threat-intelligencedirector

Northbound APIs (SDN northbound APIs) are typically RESTful APIs that are used to communicate between the SDN controller and the services and applications running over the network. Such northbound APIs can be used for the orchestration and automation of the network components to align with the needs of different applications via SDN network programmability1. The management solution is an example of an application that can use the northbound APIs to interact with the SDN controller and configure, monitor, and troubleshoot the network devices and services2. Therefore, the main function of northbound APIs in the SDN architecture is to enable communication between the SDN controller and the management solution. References: 1: What are SDN Northbound APIs (and SDN Rest APIs)? - SDxCentral 2: Software-Defined Networking Security and Network Programmability