Pass the Huawei HCIP-Datacom H12-821_V1.0 Questions and answers with CertsForce

ICMPv6 messages are classified into two types: error messages (e.g., Destination Unreachable, Time Exceeded) and informational messages (e.g., Echo Request, Echo Reply). This classification is fundamental to ICMPv6's operation ​.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

Type 1 LSAs (Router LSAs)are generated byevery OSPF routerto describe itsdirectly connected linksand their states.

TheRouter ID (RID)must beuniquein an OSPF domain; otherwise, OSPF calculations will fail due toambiguous paths.

If two routersin the same areahave thesame Router ID, OSPF will fail to calculateShortest Path First (SPF)correctly, leading to routing inconsistencies.

To prevent this, Huawei routersautomatically detect duplicate Router IDsand prevent OSPF from functioning properly until the issue is resolved.

????Reference:Huawei HCIA-Datacom Study Guide, Chapter on OSPF LSAs and Router ID Uniqueness.

When routes are imported into BGP using theimport-routecommand, the origin attribute is set toincompleteby default. This indicates that the route's origin is not known or is from an external source, as opposed to being explicitly learned through an IGP (IGP) or EGP (EGP) protocol ​.

AI-driven networks focus on maximizing efficiency by minimizing latency to enhance data processing and decision-making speed. The AI era emphasizes leveraging large data volumes and ensuring rapid data center interconnectivity. This makes low latency a critical requirement for AI-ready data center networks, as highlighted in Huawei's AI and data center network optimization materials ​.

The monitoring plane's primary role is environmental monitoring, ensuring the stability of the system. Functions like voltage monitoring, temperature tracking, fan speed control, and power management are standard. These are independent of the forwarding or control planes and critical for maintaining device health in network operations ​.

The forwarding plane of a switch consists of data forwarding hardware, such as line cards or forwarding engines, and is responsible for tasks like encapsulating/decapsulating packets, providing high-speed data channels, and collecting packet statistics. However, main control boards are part of the control plane, not the forwarding plane. This distinction ensures a separation of data forwarding and control functionalities ​.

Comprehensive and Detailed in-depth Step-by-Step Explanation:

BGP confederations are used to reduce the complexity of IBGP full-mesh connections within a large AS by dividing the AS into multiple sub-ASs (called "member ASs") while still appearing as a single AS to external ASs. Below is an analysis of each option:

A. The ASs outside a confederation still consider the confederation as one AS:

This istrue.Externally, the entire confederation is seen as a single AS, identified by the main AS number.

B. After a confederation is configured, the original IBGP attributes can be retained:

This istrue.The configuration of a confederation does not affect the IBGP attributes exchanged between routers.

C. After a confederation is configured, the original AS number is used as the confederation ID of each router:

This istrue.The main AS number is used as the Confederation Identifier for all member ASs in the confederation.

D. A confederation divides an AS into several sub-ASs, and EBGP full-mesh connections are established in each sub-AS:

This isfalse.Within each sub-AS of a confederation,IBGP connectionsare still used (not EBGP). Confederations are designed to reduce the number of IBGP full-mesh connections required within a large AS by creating smaller, manageable sub-ASs.

Therefore, the correct answer isD.

Thesummary automaticcommand in BGP is used to enable automatic summarization of routes, particularly for classful networks. However, manual summarization takes precedence over automatic summarization when both are configured. This makes the statement claiming automatic summarization takes precedence false ​.

Understanding the Network Setup:

The OSPF network consists of three areas (Area 1, Area 0, and Area 2).

The server's subnet192.168.1.0/24is directly connected to R1 and imported into OSPF using the command:

import-route direct type 1 cost 2

Thetype 1specifies the route as anOSPF Type 1 external route, meaning both the external cost and the internal OSPF cost will be included when calculating the total cost.

The external cost specified for the imported route is2.

Cost Calculation to R2:

The interfaces between the routers are GE interfaces, and the default cost for GE interfaces is1.

The path from R2 to the server goes through the following hops:

R2 → R1:Cost = 1 (intra-area link).

R1 → Server:External cost = 2 (specified in theimport-routecommand).

Total cost to R2:

Intra-area cost (1) + External cost (2) = 3

Verification of Each Option:

Option A (2):Incorrect. This only accounts for the external cost, ignoring the internal OSPF cost.

Option B (4):Incorrect. This overestimates the cost by adding an extra hop.

Option C (3):Correct. The total cost is3(1 for the intra-area link + 2 for the external cost).

Option D (1):Incorrect. This ignores the external cost of the imported route.

From the command output, the interface S4/0/0 has its cost value explicitly listed under theCostsection as 20 for Level-1 circuits. This means that all traffic routed through this interface will incur this cost in the IS-IS metric calculation. The other options (such as circuit level and IPv6 support) are either not correct or not supported by the provided output ​.