The correct answer is B, Buffer overflow. In CEH vulnerability and exploitation concepts, a buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data into a fixed-size memory buffer than it was designed to hold. The excess data can overwrite adjacent memory, corrupt control data, crash the application, or allow attacker-controlled code execution. CEH-related material describes buffer overflow as writing too much data into an application’s allocated buffer, potentially overwriting adjacent memory, executing code, or crashing the system. It also explains that buffer overflow attacks rely on lack of boundary testing and, in stack-based cases, may overwrite a return pointer so execution flow switches to malicious code. XSS injects malicious scripts into web pages, CSRF tricks an authenticated user into performing unwanted actions, and SQL injection manipulates database queries. These do not primarily exploit memory corruption. Therefore, the vulnerability associated with memory corruption is buffer overflow.