This scenario demonstrates tailgating, which is gaining unauthorized physical access to a secure area by following an authorized person through an access-controlled entry point. Priya does not present credentials, swipe a badge, or otherwise authenticate; instead, she leverages normal human behavior and social assumptions during a busy shift change. Because employees assume she belongs there and do not challenge her, she successfully bypasses the physical access control.

Tailgating is common in workplaces with high traffic, open-plan culture, or weak enforcement of “no badge, no entry” rules. Attackers may exploit politeness, distraction, or the desire to hold doors open. It is especially effective during shift changes, deliveries, or when people are carrying items and appreciate someone holding the door. The security weakness being tested here is not the badge technology itself but the human factor: lack of challenge culture and inconsistent adherence to access policies.

Tailgating versus piggybacking: in many security references, piggybacking implies the authorized person knowingly allows the other to enter (e.g., holds the door intentionally after being asked). Tailgating typically implies the intruder enters without explicit permission, often by slipping in behind a group. In this scenario, no one confronts her and they “assume she belongs there,” indicating she is following them in without asking or being granted explicit permission—tailgating.

The other options are unrelated: shoulder surfing is visual observation of sensitive input; dumpster diving is retrieving information from trash. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Tailgating.