Pass the CWNP CWDP Wi-Fi Design CWDP-305 Questions and answers with CertsForce

The initiation of a project requires a formal document that authorizes its commencement and outlines its objectives, scope, stakeholders, and overall framework. This document is known as theProject Charter.

As detailed in the CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, the Project Charter serves several critical functions:

Authorization: It formally authorizes the existence of the project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.

High-Level Overview: The charter outlines the project's purpose, objectives, and high-level requirements, offering a clear understanding of what the project aims to achieve.

Stakeholder Identification: It identifies key stakeholders and their roles, ensuring that everyone involved understands their responsibilities and the project's governance structure.

Other documents listed, such as the Budget, Bill of Materials, and Work Breakdown Structure, are essential components developed during the planning phase but are not the initiating document.

Among common construction materials, fire-rated steel doors present the highest level of RF attenuation. Steel reflects and absorbs significant RF energy, often reducing signal strength by 10–20 dB or more.

From CWDP-305:

“Fire-rated metal doors and elevator shafts are among the most attenuating structures in a building. These materials reflect and absorb RF signals, severely limiting Wi-Fi propagation.”

— Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on ProtocolandSpectrum Analysis

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Devices dynamically adjust their PHY rates based on link conditions to maintain connectivity. Factors that influence a downward shift in data rates include:

A. Signal degradation: Weaker signals (e.g., due to distance or obstruction) cause devices to drop to more robust, lower PHY rates.

B. Packet loss: High packet error rates trigger rate adjustments to improve reliability.

C. Interference: Competing RF signals can lead to retransmissions and lower effective throughput.

D. Retransmissions: Repeated retransmissions indicate poor link quality, prompting lower data rates to improve reliability.

“A device may reduce PHY rates due to poor SNR, high packet error rates, interference, or excessive retransmissions. Lower data rates offer greater robustness in degraded RF conditions.”

— CWDP-305 Study Guide, Chapter: ProtocolandSpectrum Analysis

Centralized forwarding in WLAN architectures means that all client traffic is tunneled back to a central controller for processing.This design simplifies management and can enhance security but places significant demand on the network's infrastructure.

To support the increased traffic load resulting from centralized forwarding, it's essential to havehigh-speed Ethernet links, such as Gigabit or higher, especially between access points, switches, and controllers.This ensures that the network can handle the aggregated traffic without becoming a bottleneck.

CAPWAP and DTLS are the type of standards-based encryption used by office extension APs for the traffic tunnel. Office extension APs are wireless access points that can be deployed in remote locations and connect to a central wireless controller via a secure tunnel over the Internet. CAPWAP is the Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points protocol, which defines how the wireless controller and the office extension APs communicate and exchange control and data messages. DTLS is the Datagram Transport Layer Security protocol, which provides encryption and authentication for the CAPWAP tunnel. DTLS is based on TLS, but it uses UDP instead of TCP as the transport layer protocol, which makes it more suitable for real-time applications. DTLS protects the CAPWAP tunnel from eavesdropping, tampering, and replay attacks, and ensures the confidentiality and integrity of the wireless traffic. References: CWNP, CWDP Certified Wireless Design Professional Official Study Guide, Configure OEAP and RLAN on Catalyst 9800 WLC, Hardening Microsoft 365, Office 2021, Office 2019 and Office 2016

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Microwave ovens operate at a frequency of approximately 2.45 GHz, which overlaps with the Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz band. During lunchtime, when microwaves are heavily used, they emit electromagnetic interference that disrupts Wi-Fi signals in the same frequency range, causing packet loss, retries, and intermittent connectivity.

“Microwave ovens can cause significant interference in the 2.4 GHz band, particularly when used in close proximity to client devices and APs.”

— CWDP-305 Study Guide, Chapter: Post-Design ValidationandTroubleshooting

A Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) is a legal contract that establishes a confidential relationship between parties.In the context of WLAN design, an NDA ensures that any proprietary or sensitive information shared by the customer during the information-gathering phase is kept confidential and not disclosed to unauthorized parties.This agreement builds trust between the service provider and the customer, facilitating open communication and information sharing necessary for effective WLAN design.

Conducting a site survey in environments such as heavy machinery repair facilities involves potential hazards, including moving equipment, loud noises, and other safety risks.Therefore, wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is essential to ensure the safety of the surveyor.

The CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide advises:

"When performing site surveys in industrial or hazardous environments, always adhere to safety protocols, including the use of appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as hard hats, safety glasses, and steel-toed boots."

This ensures that the survey is conducted safely and complies with occupational health and safety regulations.

Constraints in network design refer to any limitations that must be worked within during the planning, design, and deployment phases of a project. These constraints shape the decision-making process and ultimately impact the outcome and success of the network.

According to the CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide (Chapter: Wireless Design Process), the following are all common types of constraints:

Timeline: Project deadlines and delivery schedules that limit how long the design or deployment phases can take.

Personnel: Availability of skilled engineers, project managers, and support staff to execute and maintain the design.

Politics: Organizational culture, internal resistance, or conflicting stakeholder priorities that may influence technical decisions.

Budget: Financial limitations that restrict the number or type of components, tools, or services that can be purchased.

“Constraints such as time, money, human resources, and even political considerations are among the most critical factors influencing a WLAN design.”

— Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Wireless Design Process

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), introduced in 802.11ax, enhances efficiency by dividing a channel into smaller sub-channels called Resource Units (RUs). This allows multiple devices to transmit simultaneously within the same channel bandwidth, reducing latency and improving throughput. Unlike previous standards like 802.11n and 802.11ac, which primarily support single-user transmissions per channel, OFDMA's ability to handle multiple concurrent transmissions without relying on MU-MIMO leads to more efficient spectrum utilization and better performance in dense environments.