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The issue of Router 1 failing to establish an OSPF peering with Router 2, and the increase in CPU and memory usage can be attributed to a mismatch in MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) sizes. In OSPF, for a successful adjacency to be formed, the MTU size on the interfaces that are trying to form this adjacency must match. In this case, changing the MTU to 1524 on Router 1 will make it compatible with Router 2, allowing OSPF peering to be established and customer traffic to pass through successfully.References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) - Cisco

The correct configuration to reduce LDP LIB size and advertise label bindings for the /32 loopback IP space only is to use an IP prefix-list that specifies the /32 prefix length and then configure MPLS LDP to allocate labels for these prefixes. The ip prefix-list LOOPBACKS seq 5 permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 32 command creates a prefix-list named LOOPBACKS that allows any IP address with a prefix length less than or equal to 32. The mpls ldp label allocate global prefix-list LOOPBACKS command then instructs the router to allocate labels for all prefixes permitted by the LOOPBACKS prefix-list, which in this case, would be all /32 prefixes. References: The explanation is based on the concepts covered in the SPCOR course, specifically the sections on MPLS LDP configuration and optimization. For more detailed information, refer to the official Cisco SPCOR course materials and documentation available at Cisco’s official training page.

MPLS LSP ping is a utility for locating faults within an MPLS network, specifically for Label Switched Paths (LSPs). It helps in verifying the LSPs in the MPLS network. The utility sends echo requests to the destination, and if the path is complete, echo replies are received. References := Cisco

1: graceful restart 2: IGP synchronization 3: session protection 4: targeted-hello accept

 In this scenario, the network engineer is integrating several recently acquired networks into a more scalable common Unified MPLS architecture. The architecture will support end-to-end VPNv4 and VPNv6 services. The requirements include using IS-IS in Area 0 for the core layer and OSPF in Area 0 for the aggregation layers. LDP is used to distribute label bindings within each IGP domain.

To achieve this, the engineer must configure the ABR (Area Border Router) in each IGP domain to preserve next-hop information on all VPNv4 and VPNv6 prefixes advertised by the PE (Provider Edge) routers. This ensures that the correct next-hop information is maintained throughout the network, allowing end-to-end connectivity for MPLS LSPs (Label Switched Paths).

References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) v1.0 course material

In NetFlow export statistics, the BGP next hop information is not included by default. To include the BGP next hop in the export statistics, specific keywords related to BGP next hop must be configured with the version 9 NetFlow entry. This configuration allows for the measurement of network traffic on a per-BGP next hop basis, which is essential for detailed traffic analysis and accounting1. References: Configuring NetFlow BGP Next Hop Support for Accounting and Analysis - Cisco Systems1.

 In Cisco IOS XR, to send BGP IPv4 labels to build inter-domain Label Switched Paths (LSPs), the configuration command used is router bgp 65515 neighbor 172.16.70.23 address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast. This command specifies that the router should use the BGP labeled unicast address family for the specified neighbor, which enables the exchange of label information along with the IPv4 routing information, facilitating MPLS LSP creation for inter-domain traffic.

References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) training materials1.