Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Ebstein anomaly is a congenital malformation characterized by apical displacement of the tricuspid valve leaflets, leading to atrialization of the right ventricle and severe tricuspid regurgitation. The most common associated defect is an atrial septal defect (ASD), particularly a secundum type or patent foramen ovale, resulting in right-to-left shunting and cyanosis.
Ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis are less commonly associated. Tricuspid stenosis is not typical; the tricuspid valve is usually regurgitant rather than stenotic.
This association is well described in congenital heart disease and echocardiography textbooks and ASE guidelines【16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.570-575】【12:ASE Adult Congenital Guidelines†p.400-405】.
