The CEH IoT and APT Threat modules describe APT groups as highly skilled adversaries that favor stealth, persistence, and advanced exploitation techniques. IoT environments are particularly attractive due to:

Limited monitoring

Infrequent firmware updates

Weak or proprietary security mechanisms

CEH highlights that APT actors often exploit zero-day vulnerabilities in firmware to gain long-term, covert access to IoT systems. Firmware-level exploitation allows attackers to maintain persistence while evading traditional security controls.

Option C is correct.

Option A is noisy and short-term.

Option B is common but less sophisticated for APTs.

Option D is possible but secondary compared to firmware exploitation.

CEH emphasizes firmware security as a critical concern in IoT deployments.