A system administrator observes that several machines in the network are repeatedly sending out traffic to unknown IP addresses. Upon inspection, these machines were part of a coordinated spam campaign. What is the most probable cause?
CEH defines botnets as networks of compromised machines controlled remotely to perform coordinated activities such as DDoS attacks, spam campaigns, and credential theft. Systems showing outbound connections to unknown IPs and participating in mass spam dissemination are characteristic indicators of botnet infection.
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