Pass the CompTIA CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Questions and answers with CertsForce

Network Address Translation (NAT) is a process that allows a device, typically a firewall or router, to map private IP addresses to public IP addresses. This enables internal network devices to communicate over the internet using a single or a limited number of public IP addresses.

Static NAT (One-to-One Mapping): Maps a single private IP address to a single public IP address, commonly used for servers that need to be accessible from the internet.

Dynamic NAT (Many-to-Many Mapping): Dynamically assigns a public IP from a pool to internal devices.

PAT (Port Address Translation): A type of NAT where multiple private IPs share a single public IP using different port numbers.

Incorrect Options:

B. VIP (Virtual IP Address): Used in load balancing and high-availability configurations, not for NAT.

C. PAT (Port Address Translation): A specific form of NAT, but the question refers to general NAT, making option A the best choice.

D. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): A routing protocol used to exchange information between different networks, not related to NAT.

To support VoIP on the same physical ports used by computers:

B. Enable 802.1Q: This standard supports VLAN tagging, allowing voice and data traffic to share the same port using separate VLANs.

D. Set up voice VLANs: Separating voice traffic into its own VLAN improves QoS and manageability.

Other options are not directly related to configuring VoIP over existing ports:

A. Network translation definitions (NAT) are unrelated to switch-level VLAN configuration.

C. Routing protocols are not necessary at the switch level for VLAN setup.

E. DNS is not required for the switch or VLAN setup.

F. Perimeter network (DMZ) is used for public-facing servers, not VoIP VLANs.

???? Reference:

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Official Objectives: 2.3 – Given a scenario, configure and verify VLANs.

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Official Objectives: 3.6 – Explain the characteristics of network topologies and types.

The default gateway for a network should be an IP address within the subnet, but not the broadcast address. In this case:

IP: 192.163.1.15

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

This means the network range is: 192.163.1.0 - 192.163.1.255

192.163.1.255 is the broadcast address for this subnet, so it cannot be used as a gateway.

Hence, the device fails to communicate outside its subnet because it's trying to use a broadcast address as its gateway.

✅ The issue is clearly with the gateway configuration.

The longest prefix match is a routing concept used to find the most specific route to a destination IP address. The routing table performs this calculation to determine the exit interface for a packet, ensuring the most accurate delivery. The document explains:

“Routers use the longest prefix match when searching the routing table to determine the best path for an IP packet. This ensures that the most specific (and thus optimal) route is chosen, based on the destination IP address.”

Port security is a Layer 2 security feature that restricts the number of devices connecting to a network switch port. It helps prevent unauthorized devices, such as an unmanaged switch, from being connected to the network.

How Port Security Works:

Limits the number of MAC addresses that can connect to a port.

Can shut down or restrict the port if an unauthorized device is detected.

Prevents users from plugging in unauthorized networking equipment (e.g., unmanaged switches, hubs).

Incorrect Options:

A. Screened Subnet: A screened subnet (DMZ) is used for isolating external-facing servers, not for controlling unauthorized network connections.

B. 802.1X: Provides authentication for devices but requires a RADIUS server, which is a more complex solution than port security.

C. MAC Filtering: Controls which MAC addresses can connect but is difficult to manage and can be spoofed.

Link aggregation(also known as port channeling or EtherChannel) allows multiple physical connections to act as one logical connection. This avoids loops that would typically be prevented by STP and provides redundancy and increased bandwidth. It's ideal when STP is not available or desirable.

Secure Shell (SSH) is a protocol used to securely access remote devices over an unsecured network. It provides encrypted command-line access and is a lightweight and secure method of remote administration.

A. Site-to-site VPN connects entire networks, not just a single host.

B. Telnet is not secure; it transmits data (including credentials) in plaintext.

C. Console access is direct via serial cable, not remote.

???? Reference:

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Official Objectives: 2.6 – Configure and troubleshoot remote access.

Understanding Spanning Tree Protocol (STP):

STP is used to prevent network loops in Ethernet networks by creating a spanning tree that selectively blocks some redundant paths.

Default Priority Value:

Bridge Priority: STP uses bridge priority to determine which switch becomes the root bridge. The default bridge priority value for most switches is 32768.

Priority Range: The bridge priority can be set in increments of 4096, ranging from 0 to 61440.

Configuration and Verification:

When deploying a new switch, the network administrator can verify the bridge priority using commands such as show spanning-tree to ensure it is set to the default value of 32768.

Comparison with Other Values:

4096 and 8192: Lower than the default priority, indicating these would be manually configured for higher preference.

36684: A non-standard value, likely a result of specific configuration changes.