Pass the NREMT Medical Technicians EMT Questions and answers with CertsForce

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Altered mental status, combined withpale, cool, and clammy skin, is strongly suggestive ofhypoglycemia(low blood sugar). Hypoglycemia is especially dangerous in diabetics who take insulin or oral hypoglycemics. The body'sadrenergic responsecauses the "cool and clammy" presentation.

Hyperglycemia typically presents withwarm, dry skinand develops more slowly. EMTs shouldadminister oral glucoseif the patient can swallow.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Forpediatric BLS with two rescuers, currentAHA Guidelines (2020)recommend:

Two-thumb encircling hands technique: Most effective for infants; provides consistent depth and control.

Compression ratio of 15:2: Enhances ventilation without compromising perfusion.

Compression depth: 1/3 of chest or approximatelyone-half the chest's depth.

CPR begins ifpulse <60 bpm with signs of poor perfusion, not at 72 bpm. Rate of180/minis excessive; ideal rate is100–120/min.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

EMS professionals are expected to useempathetic yet clear languagewhen communicating a death. The phrase"She has passed"is bothrespectfuland commonly accepted as an appropriate way toconvey death compassionatelywithout being overly clinical or harsh.

“Died” may sound too blunt in an emotional moment, while “didn’t make it” and “at peace” can feelvague or dismissive. Clear, empathetic communication is critical for patient dignity and family support during death notifications.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In pediatric START orJumpSTARTtriage, a "delayed" status is appropriate if the child is breathing adequately, has palpable pulses, and follows commands. The respiratory rate of 16 is normal for a 9-year-old, and being able to walk also supports the “delayed” tag.

"Mottled skin" and "breathing only after airway opening" would more likely lead to "immediate" or even "expectant" categories depending on associated symptoms.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

This patient is showing signs ofepiglottitisor aserious upper airway obstruction— drooling, difficulty swallowing, fever, and tripod positioning.

EMT actions should include:

Position of comfortto avoid airway agitation

Gentle suctioningif secretions threaten airway

Do not force the patient to lie flat, as this mayworsen airway compromise.CPAPandhumidified oxygenmay be considered in hospital care but not as first-line interventions during prehospital airway management in epiglottitis.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Clavicle deformity suggests potential rib or thoracic trauma. Unequal chest rise may indicate a flail segment, pneumothorax, or hemothorax. Subcutaneous emphysema, the presence of air under the skin, is a classic finding in pneumothorax or tracheobronchial injury.

Occipital depression is not chest related; epigastric distension is a GI symptom; and jugular vein distention would suggest tension pneumothorax or cardiac tamponade, which are more advanced complications.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Thereassessment phasein the EMT patient assessment model starts with repeating theprimary survey(also called the primary assessment), which includes:

Airway

Breathing

Circulation

Disability (mental status)

Exposure/environment

The purpose is to identify any changes or deterioration in the patient’slife-threatening conditions, especially in dynamic or unstable patients. Only after this do EMTs check vitals and reevaluate secondary complaints.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Thefirst step in hemorrhage controlfor external bleeding is alwaysdirect pressureusing gloved hands or dressing. Only if this fails or the bleeding issevere and life-threatening(especially from extremities) should atourniquetbe applied.

Assessing the airway is critical in overall trauma care but not thefirst priorityin isolated extremity hemorrhage. Severity assessment is secondary tobleeding control.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The patient’s symptoms are consistent withacute coronary syndrome (ACS). Thefirst-line treatmentsare:

Aspirin(160–325 mg): inhibits platelet aggregation, reducing clot progression.

Oxygen: administered when SpO₂ <94% or signs of hypoxia/distress are present.

CPAPis for pulmonary edema or respiratory failure.Nitroglycerinrequires BP >90 systolic and medical direction approval. Laying the patient supine may increase myocardial workload and is inappropriate unless hypotension occurs.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In cases ofsexual assault, preservingevidence integrityis critical. Clothing or other forensic evidence must be placed inpaper bags. Plastic or non-breathable materials can trap moisture, promotingmold or degradation of evidencelike DNA or bodily fluids.

This approach follows chain-of-custody protocols used by law enforcement and medical facilities for handling forensic material.