Pass the ISTQB Foundation Level CTFL-Foundation Questions and answers with CertsForce

For every development activity, there is a corresponding testing activity to ensure that testing is integrated into the development process. Additionally, involving testers early in the document review process allows for the identification of defects and issues early in the lifecycle, which aligns with the principles of early and continuous testing. Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 1.4.1​​.

The test process can start as soon as the software requirements have been approved. The ISTQB CTFL syllabus v4.0 emphasizes that early involvement of testing helps in identifying defects early in the lifecycle, which includes the validation of requirements and planning of testing activities based on those requirements​​.

Static analysis of a software model is most likely to be performed by developers. This involves examining the code and software structure without executing the program, using tools to identify potential issues, such as coding standards violations, security vulnerabilities, and other quality issues. Developers often use static analysis as part of their development process to ensure code quality and maintainability. Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 3.1.1​​.

When a defect is detected and fixed, the software should be retested to confirm that the original defect has been successfully removed. This process is called confirmation testing (or re-testing). According to the ISTQB CTFL Syllabus, version 4.0, confirmation testing involves re-running a test to verify that a specific defect has been fixed. The main objective of this type of testing is to ensure that the initial defect no longer exists after the fix has been applied.

The syllabus states that confirmation testing is distinct from regression testing, which checks for unintended side effects of changes in the software. Confirmation testing specifically targets the areas where defects were found and fixed to ensure those defects are resolved​​.

Statement testing is a structure-based (white-box) technique. This technique involves testing the internal structure of the application, focusing on the execution of the statements within the code. The goal is to ensure that every statement in the code has been executed at least once during the testing process. Other options like decision table testing, state transition testing, and boundary value analysis are black-box techniques, which do not require knowledge of the internal code structure. Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 4.3.1​​.

The code of ethics for certified software testers includes considering the wider public interest in their actions for the public aspect, and advancing the integrity and reputation of their industry consistent with the public interest for the professional aspect. This ensures that testers uphold high standards of ethical conduct and professionalism, contributing positively to the public and the industry. Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Code of Ethics Section​​.

Identifying faults during the design phase is most cost-effective because defects found early in the software development lifecycle are cheaper to fix. During the design phase, faults can be detected through reviews and inspections before any code is written, thus avoiding the costs associated with later stages of development. According to the ISTQB CTFL Syllabus, early testing and defect detection are key principles, which emphasize that the cost of fixing defects increases the later they are found in the lifecycle​​.

The typical sequence of formal review activities includes planning, kick-off, individual preparation, and review meeting. The planning phase sets the scope and objectives, the kick-off initiates the review process, individual preparation involves participants reviewing the materials on their own, and then the review meeting is held to discuss the findings. Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 3.2.2​​.

The impossibility of complete testing has several significant consequences:

It means that we can never be completely sure that the software is free of bugs (A).

Without a definite stopping point, it becomes easier for some managers to justify minimal testing efforts (B).

Since every testing task requires time and resources, it becomes challenging to determine which tasks are always necessary (C).These points highlight the need for a balanced and risk-based approach to testing, where priorities are set based on the context and criticality of the software being tested​​.

According to the ISTQB Glossary, regression testing is performed to ensure that changes or modifications in the software have not introduced new defects. The primary purpose of regression testing is to verify that the existing functionality of the software remains unaffected by recent changes, enhancements, or bug fixes.

The syllabus states that regression testing helps in confirming that the recent modifications do not negatively impact the previously working functionalities of the software​​.