Pass the ISTQB Foundation Level CTFL-Foundation Questions and answers with CertsForce

The application failed due to a defect in the purchase identification module. This defect could have been caused by a programmer mistake or an error in the specification. The incorrect counting of purchase attempts indicates a flaw in the logic or implementation of the module responsible for identifying successful purchases.

Equivalence Partitioning is a black-box testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. It helps in reducing the number of test cases while maintaining adequate test coverage.

Static analysis tools are designed to examine the code without executing it. They are particularly effective at identifying structural issues in the code, such as potential infinite loops (B), which can occur due to incorrect logic that would cause the code to execute indefinitely. These tools analyze the code's structure and logic flow to find such issues early in the development process, helping to improve the code's quality before it is run​​.

White box testing design is characterized by its focus on the internal structure of the component or system. It involves testing based on knowledge of the code structure, architecture, and internal design. This approach contrasts with black box testing, which is based on functional specifications without any knowledge of the internal workings of the software.

The most valid goal for a test team is to cause as many failures as possible so that faults can be identified and corrected. This goal aligns with the primary objective of testing, which is to discover defects and ensure they are addressed before the software is released to end-users. By focusing on causing failures, the test team can identify weaknesses in the software and provide valuable feedback for improvements.

According to the ISTQB CTFL Syllabus, version 4.0, the ultimate aim of testing is to find and fix defects to enhance the quality and reliability of the software. Proving that all faults are identified or that no faults will cause failures are unrealistic and less effective goals because it is impossible to guarantee that all defects have been found. Therefore, the goal of causing failures to find and fix faults is the most valid and practical approach for a test team​​.

The test-planning phase involves deciding on schedules and deliverables, hardware and software requirements, and entry and exit criteria. However, the specific types of test cases to be used are typically defined during the test design phase, not during the test planning phase. Test planning focuses on the overall approach and resources needed for testing. Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 5.1.1​​.

This option has someone nearer to the written code in each statement. All other options are not in this order.

Tester independence refers to the degree to which the tester is separate from the development team to avoid bias and increase the objectivity of the tests. The highest level of independence is achieved when tests are designed by someone from an entirely different company, followed by someone from a different department within the same company, and then by another member of the development team. The lowest level of independence is when tests are designed by the author of the code being tested.

Security testing falls under functional testing. It involves verifying that the system protects data and maintains functionality as intended, even in the presence of malicious inputs or attacks. Security testing is essential to ensure that the system meets its security requirements and is capable of resisting unauthorized access or other security breaches. Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 2.4.3​​.

The other answers are incorrect because:

(ii) Walkthroughs do not require code and static analysis does require code.

(iv) Static techniques do not execute the code and therefore can be run before and after the code is ready for execution.

Static analysis tools analyze the program code to identify potential issues such as syntax errors, unreachable code, and variables that are never used. These tools perform their analysis without executing the code, thus allowing early detection of defects. The ISTQB CTFL syllabus v4.0 highlights that static analysis tools focus on the code itself to find these types of defects​​.