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To protect your web application from threats like malware by implementing TLS interception for incoming traffic, configuring a Secure Web Proxy with TLS offloading at the load balancer is an effective approach.​

Option A: By configuring a Secure Web Proxy, you can offload TLS traffic at the load balancer, inspect the decrypted traffic for threats such as malware, and then forward the inspected traffic to your web application. This approach ensures that encrypted traffic is securely analyzed without compromising the security of the data in transit.​

Option B: An internal proxy load balancer is designed for distributing traffic within a private network and may not support TLS interception capabilities required for inspecting incoming traffic from external sources.​

Option C: Hierarchical firewall policies in Google Cloud are used to enforce security rules across your organization but do not provide TLS interception capabilities.​

Option D: VPC firewall rules control traffic to and from VM instances based on specified rules but do not have the capability to perform TLS interception or traffic inspection.​

Therefore, Option A is the most suitable solution, as it allows for TLS interception through a Secure Web Proxy, enabling the inspection of incoming encrypted traffic to detect and mitigate threats like malware before the traffic reaches your web application.​

Use Cryptographic Verification If there is a risk of IAP being turned off or bypassed, your app can check to make sure the identity information it receives is valid. This uses a third web request header added by IAP, called X-Goog-IAP-JWT-Assertion. The value of the header is a cryptographically signed object that also contains the user identity data. Your application can verify the digital signature and use the data provided in this object to be certain that it was provided by IAP without alteration.

This approach allows you to expose the web interface securely by using Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP), which provides authentication and authorization with Google credentials. The HTTP Load Balancer can distribute traffic to the VMs in the managed group, and the VPC firewall rule ensures that access is allowed from the IAP network range.

Google Cloud Directory Sync (GCDS): Install and configure GCDS to synchronize your on-premises Active Directory with Google Cloud Identity. This tool helps in maintaining consistency between your local directory and Google Cloud.

IAM Groups: Create IAM groups in Google Cloud with permissions that correspond to your Active Directory groups. This mapping ensures that users inherit the appropriate permissions based on their AD group membership.

Synchronization: Set up regular synchronization schedules to keep the user and group information up-to-date between your on-premises AD and Google Cloud.

Access Management: Use these IAM groups to manage access to Google Cloud resources, ensuring that permissions are applied consistently and securely. This approach leverages existing AD infrastructure for identity management, providing a seamless integration with Google Cloud. References:

Google Cloud - Google Cloud Directory Sync

Google Cloud - IAM Groups

https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/organization-policy/org-policy-constraints - constraints/compute.trustedImageProjects

This list constraint defines the set of projects that can be used for image storage and disk instantiation for Compute Engine. If this constraint is active, only images from trusted projects will be allowed as the source for boot disks for new instances.

To comply with GDPR requirements and manage encryption keys for workloads across multiple Google Cloud services, customer-managed encryption keys (CMEK) offer a suitable solution.

Customer-managed encryption keys (B):

CMEK allows you to create and manage encryption keys using Google Cloud Key Management Service (KMS). You maintain full control over the key lifecycle, including key rotation and destruction.

CMEK can be used with various Google Cloud services, such as Compute Engine, Google Kubernetes Engine, Cloud Storage, BigQuery, and Pub/Sub, ensuring consistent and compliant encryption across your environment.

Using CMEK, you can implement data protection by design, aligning with GDPR requirements by ensuring that encryption keys are appropriately managed and secured.

References

Customer-Managed Encryption Keys Documentation

Encryption at Rest in Google Cloud

To maintain proper security policies across numerous Google Cloud environments, especially with a large developer base and a small security team, it's crucial to implement automated and scalable security measures.​

Option A: While applying AI-recommended security posture templates can be beneficial, as of now, there isn't a specific predefined template for Gemini in Vertex AI within the Security Command Center.​

Option B: Publishing internal policies and guidelines is essential for promoting secure development practices but may not be sufficient alone to enforce or detect security policies.​

Option C: Implementing the principle of least privilege through Identity and Access Management (IAM) roles minimizes the risk of misconfigurations and unauthorized access by ensuring users have only the permissions necessary for their tasks.​

Option D: Applying organization policy constraints enforces specific configurations and restrictions across projects. Utilizing Security Health Analytics helps in detecting and monitoring deviations from these policies, providing automated insights into potential security issues.​

Option E: Using Cloud Logging to detect misconfigurations and triggering Cloud Run functions for remediation introduces complexity and may require significant maintenance, making it less practical for a small security team.​

Therefore, Options C and D are the most effective strategies. They provide automated enforcement and monitoring of security policies, aligning with the need for scalable solutions given the organization's size and resources.​

Use Pub/Sub and Cloud Functions to trigger a Cloud Data Loss Prevention scan every time a file is uploaded to the administrator's bucket. If the scan does not detect PII, have the function move the objects into the shared Cloud Storage bucket:

Configure a Pub/Sub topic to publish notifications when new files are uploaded to the administrator's bucket.

Create a Cloud Function that is triggered by the Pub/Sub topic. This function uses the Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP) API to scan the uploaded files for PII.

If the scan does not detect PII, the function moves the file to the shared Cloud Storage bucket. This ensures that only non-sensitive data is accessible to analysts, while PII remains secure in the administrator's bucket.

Cloud Asset Inventory: Using Cloud Asset Inventory allows you to quickly identify all the external assets and resources in your Google Cloud environment. This includes information about your projects, instances, storage buckets, and more. This step is crucial for understanding the scope of your audit. Network Security Scanner: Once you have identified the external assets, you can run a network security scanner to assess the security of these assets. Network security scanners can help identify vulnerabilities and potential security risks quickly.

https://cloud.google.co m/load-balancing/docs/tcp

TCP Proxy Load Balancing is implemented on GFEs that are distributed globally. If you choose the Premium Tier of Network Service Tiers, a TCP proxy load balancer is global. In Premium Tier, you can deploy backends in multiple regions, and the load balancer automatically directs user traffic to the closest region that has capacity. If you choose the Standard Tier, a TCP proxy load balancer can only direct traffic among backends in a single region. https://cloud.google.com/load-balancing/docs/load-balancing-overview#tcp-proxy-load-balancing