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The core requirement is to grant temporary, external users access to your Google Cloud environment while ensuring access control remains managed by their employer's identity provider (IdP). This allows your organization to follow the principle of least privilege and ensures access is revoked automatically when the user leaves the partner company (or is removed from the partner's IdP).

Workforce Identity Federation is the service specifically designed for granting external identities (partners, vendors, customers) access to Google Cloud resources without needing to sync or create managed Google accounts for them.

Extracts:

"Workforce Identity Federation is designed for the scenario where a partner organization needs to access your Google Cloud resources... it lets you use an external IdP to authenticate and authorize access to Google Cloud." (Source 1.1)

"Using Workforce Identity Federation is the most secure and efficient way to give external users access. Because authentication is handled by the external IdP, access is automatically revoked or suspended if the user is deactivated in the partner's IdP." (Source 1.2)

Option C would require your organization to manage the partner identities, violating the requirement for the partner's IdP to control the access lifecycle.

Dedicated Interconnect provides a high-bandwidth (up to 80 Gbps per connection) and secure connection between your on-premises network and Google Cloud. It ensures reliable and high-speed data transfer, meeting the requirement of at least 50 Gbps bandwidth.

Steps:

Set Up Dedicated Interconnect: Order a Dedicated Interconnect connection through the Google Cloud Console.

Configure VLAN Attachments: Set up VLAN attachments to segment traffic between your on-premises network and Google Cloud.

Establish BGP Sessions: Configure BGP sessions for dynamic routing and failover.

To migrate a legacy application to GCP without knowing what ports it uses and ensuring the environment is secure, the best approach is to use a "Lift & Shift" method in an isolated project and analyze the traffic using VPC Flow logs. Here’s a step-by-step explanation:

Isolated Project:

Create a new, isolated project within your GCP environment to host the legacy application. This isolation ensures that any potential misconfigurations do not affect other projects.

Lift & Shift:

Migrate the application as-is (lift and shift) to the new isolated project. This involves moving the application without altering its architecture.

Enable Internal TCP Traffic:

Configure VPC Firewall rules to allow all internal TCP traffic within the VPC network. This step ensures that the application components can communicate internally without interruption.

Use VPC Flow Logs:

Enable VPC Flow logs to capture information about the traffic to and from your application. VPC Flow logs provide details about the source, destination, port, and protocol of the traffic.

Analyze Traffic:

Analyze the VPC Flow logs to identify the necessary ports and protocols used by the application.

Based on this analysis, create specific firewall rules to allow only the required traffic, thereby tightening security.

Implementation Steps:

Navigate to the VPC network section in the GCP Console.

Create a new VPC or use an existing one, and configure firewall rules to allow internal TCP traffic.

Enable VPC Flow logs from the VPC network settings.

Migrate your application to the new project.

Monitor and analyze the VPC Flow logs to refine your firewall rules.

By following these steps, you can safely migrate the application, understand its network requirements, and secure it appropriately in the new GCP environment.

Google Cloud VPC Documentation

VPC Flow Logs Documentation

To handle PII data ingestion and ensure both redaction and re-identification for analytics purposes, you can use Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP) with appropriate techniques for masking and encryption.

Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP) with Cryptographic Hashing (C):

Use Cloud DLP to apply cryptographic hashing to PII data. Hashing transforms the data into a fixed-length string that is not directly readable, providing a layer of obfuscation. This helps in masking the PII while retaining the ability to verify data integrity.

Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP) with Deterministic Encryption using AES-SIV (E):

Apply deterministic encryption using AES-SIV through Cloud DLP. Deterministic encryption ensures that the same input will always produce the same encrypted output, allowing you to re-identify the PII when necessary. This method enables secure encryption while allowing data re-identification for analytics.

By combining these two approaches, you can effectively mask PII for privacy protection and later re-identify it when required for analysis.

References

Cloud Data Loss Prevention Documentation

Data Redaction and Masking Techniques

To implement a Zero Trust architecture that evaluates device posture (OS version, encryption, etc.) for access to data in Cloud Storage, you must use Context-Aware Access (CAA). CAA relies on Access Context Manager to define "Access Levels" and VPC Service Controls (VPC-SC) to enforce those levels for managed services like Cloud Storage.

According to Google Cloud Documentation (Context-Aware Access with VPC Service Controls):

"VPC Service Controls can use Access Context Manager access levels to restrict access based on a variety of attributes, including user identity, device security status (device policy), and IP address.2 By applying an access level to a service perimeter, you can ensure that only requests meeting those specific contextual requirements can access the resources within that perimeter."

Implementation Steps:

Access Context Manager: Create an access level that checks for device management status, minimum OS version, and other posture requirements (verified by the Chrome Enterprise/Endpoint Verification agent).

VPC Service Controls: Create a service perimeter around the project containing the Cloud Storage buckets.

Policy Binding: Associate the Access Level with the VPC-SC perimeter. Any request that doesn't meet the device policy (e.g., outdated OS) will be blocked at the API layer, even if the user has the correct IAM roles.

External HTTP(S) Load Balancer: Deploy an external HTTP(S) load balancer to manage traffic to your VMs. This load balancer will handle incoming traffic from the internet while the VMs themselves do not have public IP addresses.

Host (VPC) Project Deployment: Deploy the load balancer in the host (VPC) project. This allows for centralized management of network resources and maintains the integrity of your shared VPC configuration.

Backend Configuration: Configure the MIG as the backend for the load balancer. This setup ensures that the VMs can still serve external users while reducing their direct exposure to the internet. This solution provides the required access to external users through the load balancer, enhancing security by not exposing individual VM IP addresses. References:

Google Cloud - External HTTP(S) Load Balancer Overview

Google Cloud - Shared VPC Overview

To ensure that a Compute Engine instance does not have access to the internet or to any Google APIs or services, you need to disable the following settings:

Public IP: Disabling the public IP address ensures that the instance does not have a direct connection to the internet. Without a public IP address, the instance cannot be accessed from or communicate with the internet directly.

Private Google Access: Disabling Private Google Access ensures that the instance does not have access to Google APIs and services through the internal Google network. Private Google Access allows instances without a public IP to reach Google APIs and services using private IP addresses, but disabling it will block this path.

Disabling these settings will effectively isolate the instance from both the public internet and Google's internal API services.

References

Google Cloud VPC Documentation - Overview

Configuring Private Google Access

Compute Engine Network Overview

The most secure and compliant way to manage a policy exception in Google Cloud is through the resource hierarchy using Organization Policies.

Restrictive Baseline: The policy should be applied at the Organization level to enforce the baseline (no external IPs) across the entire company, ensuring minimum policy drift.

Exception and Least Privilege: The regulated unit is placed in its own Folder (isolation). The restrictive policy is then overridden or enforced with an exclusion at this Folder level to grant the exception only where needed. This ensures the exception is applied to the smallest scope necessary, adhering to least privilege.

Extracts:

"Organization Policy is inherited down the resource hierarchy... You can override inherited policies by enforcing a different policy at a lower level." (Source 2.1)

"To implement an exception, the most secure approach is to set the restrictive policy at the highest possible level (e.g., Organization) and override or enforce an exclusion at the lowest possible level (e.g., Project or Folder) where the exception is required." (Source 2.2)

By applying the restriction broadly and granting the exception narrowly at the folder level, you maintain central control and minimize the blast radius of the exception.

https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/export/aggregated_sinks#supported-destinations

You can use aggregated sinks to route logs within or between the same organizations and folders to the following destinations: - Another Cloud Logging bucket: Log entries held in Cloud Logging log buckets.