Pass the Fortinet NSE 6 Network Security Specialist NSE6_WCS-7.0 Questions and answers with CertsForce

Load Balancer Configuration Overview:

The provided configuration indicates that the ELB is an internet-facing load balancer.

Multi-AZ Load Balancing:

The load balancer is configured to distribute traffic across multiple availability zones (A, B, and C), ensuring high availability and fault tolerance (Option A).

Accessing Targets via DNS:

The DNS name of the load balancer (LabELB-716e15332f6401f8.elb.us-east-2.amazonaws.com) can be used to reach the targets behind the ELB, facilitating traffic routing to the appropriate instances (Option C).

Comparison with Other Options:

Option B is incorrect as the ARN is not used to access the load balancer directly.

Option D is incorrect because the load balancer is configured for internet-facing traffic, not just internal VPC traffic.

References:

AWS Elastic Load Balancer Documentation: AWS ELB

Understanding ELB DNS: AWS ELB DNS

Implicit Deny Rule:

Similar to traditional firewall rule sets, FortiGate Cloud-Native Firewall (CNF) includes an implicit deny rule at the bottom of each policy set. This means any traffic that does not match an existing rule in the policy set is automatically denied (Option A).

Policy Set Creation:

When a new CNF instance is deployed, a new policy set is created specifically for that instance. This ensures that each CNF instance can have a tailored set of security policies based on the specific needs of the deployment (Option C).

Other Options Analysis:

Option B is incorrect because policy sets do not require manual synchronization; they are applied automatically once configured.

Option D is incorrect as a single CNF instance operates with a single policy set at a time.

References:

FortiGate CNF Documentation: FortiGate CNF

Firewall Policy Best Practices: Fortinet Policies

Windows Firewall Blocking Traffic:

The firewall on the Windows VM might be configured to block incoming ICMP traffic (ping requests). By default, Windows Firewall is set to block ICMP traffic, which could be a reason for the connectivity issue (Option A).

Security Group Configuration:

AWS Security Groups act as virtual firewalls for instances. If there is no rule allowing ICMP traffic in the security group attached to the Windows server, the ping requests from FortiGate will be blocked. An inbound allow ICMP rule must be added to the security group to permit this traffic (Option D).

Other Options Analysis:

Option B is incorrect because the default AWS Network Access Control List (NACL) allows all inbound and outbound traffic.

Option C is incorrect as AWS does allow ICMP traffic between subnets if properly configured with Security Groups and NACLs.

References:

AWS Security Groups: AWS Security Groups

Windows Firewall Configuration: Windows Firewall

HA Event and Failover:

The debug output indicates that a failover event occurred and the secondary instance (Fgt2) is now taking over as the master.

Elastic IP Association:

The debug output shows the process of moving the Elastic IP (eipalloc-090425f83f912c8d6) to the new master instance. This involves associating the Elastic IP with the appropriate network interface (eni) of the new master.

Specific IP Address Association:

The Elastic IP is specifically associated with port1 of Fgt2. The message "associate elastic ip eipalloc-090425f83f912c8d6 to 10.0.0.13 of eni eni-0f6b35f8fccd24eb0" indicates that the Elastic IP is now linked to the primary IP address (10.0.0.13) on port1 of the new master.

Other Options Analysis:

Option A is incorrect because the routing table update details are not explicitly stated.

Option C is incorrect because the IP address association mentioned relates to an Elastic IP, not eni-0b61d8afc0aefb8a2.

Option D is incorrect because it specifically mentions port2 for the Elastic IP association, which is not indicated in the debug output.

References:

FortiGate HA Configuration Guide: FortiGate HA

AWS Elastic IP Documentation: Elastic IP

Understanding Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB):

GWLB is designed to distribute traffic across multiple appliances for both inbound and outbound traffic, providing scalability and high availability.

Traffic Load Balancing:

GWLB can send traffic to multiple FortiGate appliances for load balancing purposes, ensuring efficient use of resources (Option A).

Stateful Processing:

For stateful processing, GWLB ensures that traffic flows (both inbound and outbound) for a given connection are directed to the same FortiGate appliance. This maintains session integrity (Option B).

Preservation and Hashing of Traffic:

Options C and D are incorrect as they suggest incorrect behavior regarding traffic content preservation and hashing for data integrity, which are not primary functions of GWLB.

References:

AWS Gateway Load Balancer Documentation: AWS Gateway Load Balancer

FortiGate Integration with GWLB: Fortinet Documentation

Web Filtering:

FortiGate for AWS offers advanced web filtering capabilities, which allow organizations to control and monitor web access. This feature complements AWS's native security services by providing granular control over web traffic (Option B).

OSPF over IPSec:

FortiGate for AWS can establish dynamic routing protocols such as OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) over IPSec tunnels. This capability enhances network routing flexibility and security, which is not natively provided by AWS (Option C).

Secure SD-WAN with Application Visibility:

FortiGate for AWS provides Secure SD-WAN functionality, offering enhanced application visibility and traffic management. This is a significant addition to AWS's networking services, optimizing application performance and security (Option E).

Comparison with Other Options:

Option A (Higher VPN throughput) is not specifically enhanced by FortiGate as compared to AWS native services.

Option D (Advanced dynamic routing) is partially covered under OSPF over IPSec but is not as specific as the other chosen options.

References:

FortiGate for AWS Documentation: FortiGate on AWS

AWS Networking and Content Delivery: AWS Networking

Instance Metadata Traffic:

VPC flow logs do not capture traffic to and from the link-local address 169.254.169.254, which is used for accessing instance metadata (Option A).

DHCP Traffic:

DHCP traffic is not captured by VPC flow logs. This is because DHCP relies on broadcast and multicast traffic, which is excluded from flow logs (Option B).

Security Monitoring:

VPC flow logs can be used as a security tool to monitor the traffic that is reaching the instances. By analyzing the flow logs, administrators can detect suspicious activities and troubleshoot connectivity issues (Option D).

Other Considerations:

Option C is incorrect because flow logs do capture traffic to the reserved IP address of the default VPC router.

Option E is incorrect as VPC flow logs do not provide real-time log streams but rather capture data at intervals and deliver them to CloudWatch or S3.

References:

AWS VPC Flow Logs Documentation: VPC Flow Logs

AWS Networking and Security: AWS Security Monitoring

Cluster Elastic IP Address (EIP) Movement:

During a failover in an active-passive (A-P) cluster, the Elastic IP (EIP) associated with the active FortiGate instance (FGT-1) needs to be moved to the passive instance (FGT-2), which becomes the new active instance. This ensures that the traffic directed to the EIP is now handled by FGT-2 (Option A).

Secondary IP Address Movement:

The secondary IP address on Port2 of the current active instance (FGT-1) is moved to the same port on the new active instance (FGT-2). This step is crucial to ensure seamless network traffic redirection and connectivity for the services relying on that IP address (Option B).

Other Options Analysis:

Option C is incorrect because the static route modification mentioned is not directly related to the failover process described.

Option D is incorrect because no additional route needs to be added to the HA Sync AZ2 subnet route table to forward traffic to the Internet Gateway during a failover.

References:

FortiGate HA Configuration Guide: FortiGate HA

AWS Elastic IP Documentation: Elastic IP

Scalability:

FortiGate Cloud-Native Firewall (CNF) is designed to scale seamlessly with your cloud infrastructure, providing the necessary protection without requiring manual intervention for scaling (Option B).

Firewall-as-a-Service:

FortiGate CNF is offered as a Firewall-as-a-Service (FWaaS), which simplifies the deployment and management of firewall capabilities directly in the cloud environment (Option D).

Management:

FortiGate CNF can be managed using FortiManager and AWS Firewall Manager, providing comprehensive management capabilities both from Fortinet's platform and AWS's native management tools (Option E).

Other Considerations:

Option A (carrier-grade protection) is not specifically highlighted as a feature of FortiGate CNF.

Option C (uses AWS Elastic Load Balancing) is incorrect as FortiGate CNF operates independently of AWS ELB, although it can integrate with various AWS services.

References:

FortiGate CNF Documentation: FortiGate CNF

AWS Firewall Manager: AWS Firewall Manager

Update Software:

As part of the AWS shared responsibility model, it is the customer’s responsibility to update and maintain the software running on the EC2 instance, including applying security patches and updates (Option A).

Configure Security Groups:

Security groups act as virtual firewalls for instances to control inbound and outbound traffic. Configuring them correctly is essential for securing the EC2 instance and ensuring only legitimate traffic can reach the server (Option C).

Manage Operating System:

Managing the operating system, including user accounts, permissions, and operating system patches, is the responsibility of the customer under the shared responsibility model (Option D).

Other Options Analysis:

Option B is incorrect as changing the existing ELB to a gateway load balancer is not necessary for securing the new EC2 instance.

Option E is incorrect because it is not required to move all web servers into the same availability zone for security purposes.

References:

AWS Shared Responsibility Model: AWS Shared Responsibility

EC2 Security Best Practices: AWS EC2 Security