Pass the ECCouncil Application Security 312-96 Questions and answers with CertsForce

 In a DFD, different components represent different aspects of the system:

Circles or ovals usually represent processes or functions where data is processed or transformed.

Arrows represent data flows moving from one part of the system to another.

Open rectangles represent external entities or actors that interact with the system.

Parallel lines represent data stores or repositories where data is held.

Given these conventions, a change in privilege levels would most likely be associated with a process, as it involves a transformation or decision within the system. Therefore, the component that represents a process (typically a circle or oval) would be used to depict a change in privilege levels.

References: For accurate and verified answers, please refer to the official EC-Council Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA study guides and course materials12. These resources will provide the most reliable information regarding the specifics of DFD components as they pertain to the CASE JAVA certification.

The code snippet provided in the image is a Java program where a SQL query is being constructed by concatenating user inputs directly into the query string. This practice is highly insecure as it opens up the application to SQL Injection attacks. In this specific example, uname and pwd are directly appended to the SQL query string without any sanitization or parameterization, making it vulnerable.

A secure practice would be to use parameterized queries or prepared statements which ensure that user inputs are treated as data and not executable code. This prevents malicious users from injecting harmful SQL code into the application.

Here’s how the corrected code using parameterized queries should look:

Java

PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM empinfo WHERE uname=? AND pwd=?");

ps.setString(1, uname);

ps.setString(2, pwd);

ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

In this corrected version, ? placeholders are used in the SQL query string for user inputs, and then those placeholders are replaced with actual user input values using setString() method calls on the PreparedStatement object. This ensures that user inputs are safely incorporated into the SQL query, preventing SQL Injection.

References:

EC-Council Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA official study guides and materials emphasize on secure coding practices including avoiding non-parameterized queries to prevent security vulnerabilities like SQL Injection.

Specific topics covering secure coding practices in Java can be found in modules focusing on data validation and sanitization.

 The account lockout mechanism is designed to prevent brute-force attacks by locking an account after a certain number of failed login attempts. However, this security feature can be abused to perform a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack. An attacker could deliberately fail the login process multiple times for a legitimate user’s account, causing the account to be locked and preventing the legitimate user from accessing their account. This type of attack exploits the security feature to deny service to legitimate users.

References: The explanation aligns with the security testing guidelines provided by the OWASP Foundation, which discusses the balance required in account lockout mechanisms to protect against unauthorized access while not denying access to authorized users1. Additionally, research papers such as those from Worcester Polytechnic Institute detail how account lockout mechanisms can be exploited to create DoS attacks2. For official EC-Council Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA documentation and learning resources, please refer to the EC-Council’s official materials and courses.

James should use the Try-With-Resources block to ensure that any unhandled exception raised by the code will automatically close the opened file stream. The Try-With-Resources block is a feature introduced in Java 7 that allows for more efficient management of resources, such as files, that need to be closed after operations on them are completed.

Here’s how it works:

The resource declared within the try parentheses is initialized.

The try block executes with the resource.

If an exception occurs, it’s caught by an optional catch block.

After the try (and optionally catch) block execution, the resource is automatically closed.

This approach eliminates the need for a finally block to explicitly close the resource, reducing the risk of resource leaks and making the code cleaner and more readable.

References: The Try-With-Resources block is a well-documented feature in Java and is recommended for managing resources in Java applications as per the EC-Council’s Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA certification guidelines1. It is also a part of best practices in exception handling in Java, as noted in various Java programming resources2.