Pass the ECCouncil CND 312-38 Questions and answers with CertsForce

Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) are clues, artifacts, or evidence that suggest a potential intrusion or malicious activity within an organization's infrastructure. IoCs are used to identify and respond to security breaches and can include log entries, file hashes, unusual network traffic, or specific patterns that match known threats.

Indicators of Attack (IoA): Focus on detecting the methods and techniques used by attackers.

Key Risk Indicators: Metrics that indicate increased risk levels.

Indicators of Exposure: Signs that reveal vulnerabilities or weaknesses in the system.

References:

EC-Council Certified Network Defender (CND) Study Guide

Threat detection and incident response documentation

An Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) is a type of Issue Specific Security Policy (ISSP) that outlines the constraints and practices that users must agree to in order to access the corporate network, endpoints, applications, and the internet. It is designed to provide guidelines for the appropriate use of an organization’s IT resources, including employee conduct, data usage, system access privileges, and the handling of confidential information. The AUP is a crucial part of the security policy framework as it directly addresses specific issues related to the acceptable use of IT resources by employees.

References: The categorization of AUP as an ISSP is consistent with standard information security policy frameworks and best practices123.

The address 1080:0:FF:0:8:800:200C:4171 is an IPv6 address. IPv6 addresses are 128-bit identifiers for interfaces and sets of interfaces. In this case, the address includes a block ::FFFF: (or 0:FF), which is a reserved subnet prefix to facilitate IPv4 to IPv6 migration. This is known as an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address. It is used to represent an IPv4 address in an IPv6 address format. The last 32 bits of the address represent an IPv4 address, which in this case corresponds to 127.0.0.1 - the loopback address in IPv4 used to establish an IP connection to the same machine or computer being used by the end-user.

References: The explanation is based on standard IPv6 addressing rules and the specific structure of IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses. The information is consistent with the ECCouncil’s Network Defender (CND) course objectives regarding understanding and analyzing network protocols and addressing12.

The right of a company to monitor the activities of their employees on its information systems is typically defined under the "User Access Control" policy. This policy sets out the rules and conditions under which employee activities can be monitored, ensuring that monitoring is conducted legally and ethically while protecting the privacy rights of employees. It often includes provisions for the monitoring of email, internet use, and other digital interactions to safeguard company assets and ensure compliance with corporate policies.References: The establishment and enforcement of user access control policies are fundamental principles in cybersecurity management and are discussed in Network Defender training materials.

Prioritizing incidents in a network environment, especially within a critical infrastructure like a bank, should be based on the potential technical effect of the incident. This approach ensures that the most severe and impactful issues are addressed first to maintain business continuity and minimize potential damage. The incident involving the main server would likely take precedence because it could affect a larger number of systems and operations within the bank, compared to an individual’s login issue. The ITIL framework supports this prioritization method by emphasizing the importance of impact and urgency when managing network incidents12. References: The prioritization strategy aligns with best practices outlined in the ITIL framework for IT service management, which suggests managing incidents based on their severity, urgency, and impact on business operations12.QUESTION NO: 47

Nancy is working as a network administrator for a small company. Management wants to implement a RAID storage for their organization. They want to use the appropriate RAID level for their backup plan that will satisfy

the following requirements: 1. It has a parity check to store all the information about the data in multiple drives 2. Help reconstruct the data during downtime. 3. Process the data at a good speed. 4. Should not be

expensive. The management team asks Nancy to research and suggest the appropriate RAID level that best suits their requirements. What RAID level will she suggest?

A. RAID 0

B. RAID 10

C. RAID 3

D. RAID 1

Answer: C

RAID 3 is a level of RAID that uses striping with a dedicated parity disk. This means that data is spread across multiple disks, and parity information is stored on one dedicated disk. RAID 3 allows for good read and write speeds and can reconstruct data if one drive fails, thanks to the parity information. It is also a cost-effective solution because it requires only one additional disk for parity, regardless of the size of the array. This makes it suitable for environments where data throughput and fault tolerance are important but budget constraints are a consideration.

References: The explanation aligns with the RAID level characteristics and the requirements specified by the management team. RAID 3’s ability to provide parity checks, data reconstruction during downtime, and process data at a good speed while being cost-effective makes it an appropriate choice123.

 In the context of incident response, unsuccessful scans and probes are typically considered a low severity level. This is because they often indicate an attempted reconnaissance or mapping of systems rather than a successful compromise or disruption of services. While they should be monitored and analyzed to improve defenses and detect patterns of malicious activity, they do not usually signify an immediate threat to the integrity, availability, or confidentiality of systems.

References: The classification of unsuccessful scans and probes as low severity is consistent with standard practices in incident response and is supported by various cybersecurity frameworks and guidelines, including those from the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program.

 According to standard IoT security practices, an IoT Gateway should be connected to a border router. This setup is recommended because a border router acts as a gateway between different networks, managing the traffic between these networks and the internet. It provides an additional layer of security, ensuring that the IoT devices and the internal network are protected from external threats. The border router can implement security measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and data encryption to safeguard the IoT ecosystem.

References: The standard practice of connecting an IoT Gateway to a border router is supported by security guidelines that emphasize the importance of segregating IoT devices from internal networks to prevent potential cyber threats from spreading across networks123.

 The network topology where each computer acts as a repeater and data passes from one computer to the other in a single direction until it reaches its destination is known as a ring topology. In a ring topology, each computer is connected to two other computers in the network, forming a circular data path. The data travels in one direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) and is passed along the ring until it reaches its intended recipient. If a device does not need the data, it simply passes it along to the next device in the ring1.

References: This explanation is based on standard networking principles regarding network topologies, specifically ring topology, as outlined in resources like Comparitech’s guide on network topologies1. It is consistent with the objectives and documents of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program.

Docker provides Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) through OS-level virtualization. This form of virtualization allows for the deployment of software in packages called containers. Containers are isolated from each other and bundle their own software, libraries, and configuration files; they can communicate with each other through well-defined channels. OS-level virtualization is lightweight compared to other forms of virtualization because it does not require a hypervisor to create virtual machines. Instead, the Docker Engine enables the containers to run directly within the host machine’s operating system but with separate namespaces, which is why it’s considered OS-level.

References: The information provided is consistent with the Certified Network Defender (CND) course’s objectives regarding understanding different types of virtualization and their purposes in network security. Docker’s use of OS-level virtualization is a fundamental concept covered in the study materials12.

IPsec VPN tunnels operate at the network layer of the OSI model. This is because IPsec is designed to secure IP communications by authenticating and encrypting each IP packet of a communication session. IPsec includes protocols for establishing mutual authentication between agents at the beginning of a session and negotiation of cryptographic keys to be used during the session. IPsec can protect data flows between a pair of hosts (host-to-host), between a pair of security gateways (network-to-network), or between a security gateway and a host (network-to-host). By functioning at the network layer, IPsec VPNs are able to secure all traffic that passes through them, not just specific applications or sessions.

References: The information provided is based on standard networking protocols and the OSI model as covered in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which includes a comprehensive understanding of network security measures like IPsec123.