Pass the ECCouncil CND 312-38 Questions and answers with CertsForce

To ensure the integrity of the message and prevent it from being altered in transit, hashing can be used. Hashing is a process where a hash function converts data into a fixed-size string of characters, which is typically a hash code. When the message is sent, the hash code is generated and sent along with it. Upon receipt, the receiver can run the same hash function on the received message to generate a new hash code. If this new hash code matches the one sent with the message, it confirms that the message has not been altered. This method does not encrypt the message content but ensures that any changes to the message in transit can be detected.

References: The explanation is based on the principles of message integrity and non-repudiation as outlined in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which includes understanding of network security controls and protocols, as well as the application of security measures to protect data integrity12.

ISO/IEC 27018 is a code of practice for cloud service providers that handle personally identifiable information (PII). It provides a framework for protecting the privacy of PII in the cloud, consistent with the privacy principles in ISO/IEC 29100 for the public cloud computing environment. This standard is particularly relevant for cloud service providers needing to demonstrate they have implemented effective privacy controls to protect their customers’ data. The adoption of ISO/IEC 27018 by a cloud service provider is a strong indication of compliance with privacy laws and regulations, ensuring the protection of personal information in the cloud123.

References:

ISO/IEC 27018 overview and compliance information as provided by Microsoft Learn1.

Details on ISO/IEC 27018 compliance by Google Cloud2.

General information about ISO 27018 for cloud providers from Schellman3.

EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) course content4.

The star topology is the most suitable for accommodating an increasing number of employees because it allows for easy addition of new nodes or computers without disrupting the existing network. In a star topology, each node is independently connected to a central hub. If a new employee is added, they can be connected to the hub without affecting the other nodes. This topology also simplifies troubleshooting, as each connection can be individually assessed without taking down the entire network. Furthermore, the star topology is known for its scalability and robustness, making it ideal for a growing company like Geon Solutions INC.

References: The information aligns with the best practices for expanding business networks as described in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which emphasizes the importance of a scalable and robust network topology for business growth12. Additionally, industry sources confirm that the star topology is recommended for large business offices due to its simplicity, scalability, and ease of expansion

The attack surface of a system refers to the sum of all potential points where an unauthorized user can try to enter or extract data from that system. It encompasses all the vulnerabilities, including software flaws, unsecured network ports, and unprotected system endpoints. Therefore, when vulnerabilities are decreased, the attack surface is reduced because there are fewer opportunities for an attacker to exploit. This is a fundamental concept in network security, as reducing the attack surface is a critical step in protecting systems against unauthorized access and potential breaches.

References: The explanation aligns with the definitions and concepts of attack surfaces as described in network security literature and the Certified Network Defender (CND) course, which emphasizes the importance of minimizing vulnerabilities to reduce the overall attack surface123.

 Network Interface Cards (NICs) operate at the Physical layer of the OSI model. This layer is responsible for the actual physical connection between devices. It transmits individual bits from one node to the next and is involved in the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional aspects of activating, maintaining, and deactivating physical connections. It’s also where hardware like cables, switches, and NICs come into play.

References: The information provided aligns with the OSI model’s definition and the role of the Physical layer as described in networking literature and resources such as GeeksforGeeks and freeCodeCamp articles on the OSI model12.

The apt-get command is a powerful and free package management utility for Debian-based Linux distributions. It is used for handling packages and is utilized to install, update, and remove software on Debian systems. The apt-get command is the recommended tool for doing upgrades from one Debian GNU/Linux release to another, as it effectively manages dependencies and ensures that all necessary changes are made during an upgrade.

References: The Debian Wiki recommends using apt-get for upgrading Debian distributions1. It is a well-documented and widely recognized tool within the Debian community and is included in the official Debian documentation as the preferred method for system updates and upgrades.

The up2date command was used in older versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux to update installed packages to their latest available versions. The -d option downloads the packages without installing them, -f forces the installation of the package even if it is already installed, and -u updates all installed packages to the latest versions. However, it’s important to note that up2date has been replaced by yum and more recently by dnf in the newer versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. For the scenario described, where security is a concern and the systems are likely to be running a more current version of Red Hat, the correct command would be yum update or dnf upgrade.

References: The information is based on the standard practices for updating Red Hat systems as per the Red Hat Customer Portal and the ECCouncil’s Certified Network Defender course objectives. Specifically, the use of up2date is referenced from historical Red Hat documentation, while the replacement with yum and dnf is documented in more recent Red Hat Enterprise Linux system management guides1234.

SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) solutions are designed to provide a comprehensive view of an organization’s security status by collecting and analyzing security-related data from various sources. To enhance their capabilities, SIEM solutions consume threat intelligence feeds, which are streams of data that provide information about current and potential security threats. These feeds include details such as indicators of compromise (IoCs), tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used by cybercriminals, and vulnerabilities in software or systems. By integrating threat intelligence feeds, SIEM solutions can improve real-time threat detection, reduce false positives, and support proactive, intelligence-driven defense strategies. This integration allows organizations to stay one step ahead of emerging threats and advisories, providing insights into the attacker’s TTPs and associated IoCs that can accelerate investigation and response efforts1.

References: The explanation is based on the general knowledge of SIEM solutions and their use of threat intelligence feeds to enhance security operations. For detailed and specific references, please consult the latest Certified Network Defender (CND) study materials and documents provided by the EC-Council.

Differential backups are advantageous because they only back up data that has changed since the last full backup. This means they require less storage space than taking a full backup every time, which can be significant as data accumulates over time. Additionally, differential backups are generally faster than full backups because they involve less data. This speed can be crucial for maintaining regular backup schedules without disrupting network operations. Lastly, because differential backups involve less data and take less time, they can be less expensive than full backups, considering the costs associated with storage and the time required for backup operations.

References: The Certified Network Defender (CND) program by EC-Council includes discussions on various backup strategies, including differential backups, as part of its comprehensive approach to network security. The program emphasizes the importance of efficient and effective backup strategies as a part of disaster recovery and business continuity planning12.

The purging technique of data destruction is aimed at making data recovery infeasible using logical methods, which directly target the data at the memory level. Overwriting is a prevalent technique for purging, where data is destroyed by being overwritten with unintelligible characters like 0s and 1s. This method ensures that the original data cannot be recovered.

References: The explanation is based on the understanding of data destruction methods, where overwriting is identified as a logical method of purging data to prevent its recovery123.

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