Pass the ECCouncil CND 312-38 Questions and answers with CertsForce

The command sudo apt-get dist-upgrade is used to install updates for Debian-based Linux operating systems, which includes Ubuntu. This command intelligently handles changes with new versions of packages and will install the newest versions of all packages currently installed on the system. It also handles changing dependencies with new versions of packages and will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The dist-upgrade command, therefore, will install or remove packages as necessary to complete the full update.

References: This information is consistent with the best practices for maintaining a Debian-based system, as outlined in the Debian and Ubuntu documentation. The apt-get command is a powerful package management tool used in Debian-based systems for handling packages, and dist-upgrade is a specific option within apt-get that is designed for an intelligent system-wide upgrade12.

Single-sign-on (SSO) is an authentication process that allows a user to access multiple applications with one set of login credentials. This is particularly useful in an environment where employees need to access a variety of systems and applications, as it simplifies the user experience and reduces the need for multiple passwords. SSO is designed to alleviate the administrative burden of managing multiple sets of credentials and to improve security by reducing the likelihood of password fatigue, which can lead to weak password practices.

References: The concept of SSO is covered in the Certified Network Defender (CND) course, which includes understanding various types of authentication methods. SSO is mentioned as a type of authentication that allows users to be authenticated once and gain access to multiple systems without being prompted to log in again for each system1.

Implicit Authorization is a type of authorization that allows users to access resources on behalf of others without the need for explicit permission from the resource owner each time. This is commonly implemented through OAuth, where a user grants a third-party application access to their information on another service without sharing their credentials. The application receives an access token that permits it to act on behalf of the user, accessing only what the user is authorized to access.

References: The OAuth framework is a prime example of Implicit Authorization, as it enables applications to obtain access tokens for authorization to protected resources, acting on the user’s behalf123.

The RAID level used here is RAID 1, which is also known as disk mirroring. In this setup, all the data written to one disk is automatically copied to another disk, creating an exact duplicate of the data. This ensures that if one disk fails, the data is still available on the other disk, providing redundancy and protecting against data loss. RAID 1 is a common choice for systems where data availability and integrity are critical.

References: This explanation is consistent with the principles outlined in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) course materials, which describe RAID 1 as a configuration that duplicates data across multiple disks to ensure redundancy and data availability1.

As a first responder to a suspected DoS incident, the initial step is to make an assessment of the situation. This involves analyzing the network traffic using tools like Wireshark to confirm the nature of the traffic and determine if it is indeed a DoS attack. The assessment will help in understanding the scope and impact of the incident and is crucial for deciding the subsequent steps in the response process123.

References: The importance of making an initial assessment is highlighted in various cybersecurity incident response guidelines and best practices, which recommend starting with an evaluation of the situation before proceeding with any other actions123.

 The correct order in the risk management phase starts with Risk Identification, where potential business risks are determined. This is followed by Risk Assessment, which involves analyzing and prioritizing the identified risks. Next is Risk Treatment, where plans are made to mitigate the risks. Finally, Risk Monitoring & Review is conducted to oversee the risk management process and make necessary adjustments. This sequence ensures a structured and effective approach to managing risks within an organization. References: The sequence aligns with the widely recognized ISO 31000 risk management standard, which outlines these core steps in managing risks123.

Recovery drill tests are an essential part of disaster recovery planning. They are conducted on backup data to ensure that the data can be successfully restored in the event of a disaster. During these drills, the backup systems are tested to verify that they function correctly and that the data is intact and recoverable. This process helps organizations prepare for actual disaster scenarios and ensures that their backup solutions are effective and reliable.

References: The practice of conducting recovery drill tests on backup data is a standard procedure in disaster recovery and business continuity planning, as outlined in various IT and network security resources123.

 Class B IP addresses range from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255. The first two bits of the first octet in a Class B address are always set to ‘10’, and the default subnet mask is 255.255.0.0. Option B, 18.12.4.1, falls within this range, with the first octet being 18, which is between 128 and 191. References: The information is based on the standard IP address classification as per the IPv4 protocol1234.

 A TCP null scan attempt is a technique used in network scanning where the TCP packet sent has no flags set. This type of scan can sometimes penetrate through routers and firewalls that filter incoming packets based on certain flags because the absence of flags can prevent the packet from being filtered out. The TCP null scan is particularly useful for identifying open ports on a target system. If a port is open, the target system will not respond to the null scan, but if the port is closed, the system will send a TCP RST packet in response. This scanning method is not supported by Windows because Windows systems typically respond with a RST packet regardless of whether the port is open or closed, making it ineffective for distinguishing between the two states on those systems.

References: The TCP null scan’s ability to bypass certain types of filters and its behavior in response to open and closed ports are documented in various network security resources, including the Nmap documentation and other network security analysis articles12. These sources confirm the effectiveness of TCP null scans in penetrating through filters set up by routers and firewalls and their unsupported status on Windows systems.

To check if SMB1 is enabled or disabled, the correct PowerShell command is Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName SMB1Protocol. This command queries the status of the SMB1Protocol feature in the running instance of Windows. If SMB1 is enabled, the command will return its status as ‘Enabled’, and if it is disabled, it will return ‘Disabled’.

References: The correct syntax for the command is documented in various official Windows resources, including Microsoft’s own documentation on managing SMB protocols1. It is also aligned with the objectives of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which includes knowledge of managing Windows network protocols and features.