Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (250–350 words)

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The EC-Council CCISO program highlights financial literacy as a core executive competency. To understand the most current financial status of an organization, a CISO should review the balance sheet.

A balance sheet provides a point-in-time snapshot of assets, liabilities, and equity, offering insight into liquidity, solvency, and current financial obligations. CCISO materials explain that this is critical when assessing funding capacity, risk exposure, and the financial impact of security incidents.

A profit and loss statement (Option A) reflects performance over a period, not current status. Retained earnings (Option B) focus on accumulated profit. A proxy statement (Option C) relates to shareholder voting and governance.

Therefore, Option D is correct.