A varicocele is an abnormal dilatation of the pampiniform plexus veins, usually seen on the left side due to the perpendicular insertion of the left testicular vein into the left renal vein, making it more susceptible to elevated venous pressure. Sonographically, varicoceles appear as multiple serpiginous anechoic tubular structures that show venous flow on color Doppler, often accentuated with Valsalva maneuver.
Hydrocele (A) is a fluid collection surrounding the testis.
Hematocele (C) is blood within the tunica vaginalis.
Spermatocele (D) is a cystic lesion arising from the epididymis.
Reference Extracts:
Dogra VS, Bhatt S. "Sonographic evaluation of testicular varicoceles." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 2004;23(6): 829-838.
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.
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