Intracranial pressure (ICP) above 20–25 mm Hg is abnormal, and 35 mm Hg is a critical level requiring urgent intervention. After sedation and analgesia fail to reduce ICP,osmotic therapy is the next step, withhypertonic salinebeing a frontline choice for its rapid effect in reducing cerebral edema.

“In patients with traumatic brain injury and elevated ICP, first-line therapies include sedation, analgesia, and head positioning. If ineffective, hyperosmolar therapy such as hypertonic saline or mannitol is indicated to decrease cerebral edema and reduce ICP.”

(Referenced from CCRN Pediatric – Direct Care: Neurologic Dysfunction and Intracranial Hypertension Management)

Hypertonic saline pulls fluid from the brain into the vascular space, lowering ICP and improving cerebral perfusion.