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RouterR2is insideAS 100and has three iBGP paths (via R3, R4, R5) toward AS 101. To performiBGP multipathacross these three equal-cost paths, BGP must:

Run the correct BGP process forAS 100

Allow installation of multiple iBGP paths in the routing table

This is done with:

router bgp 100

maximum-paths ibgp 3

router bgp 100– enters the BGP process for AS 100 (correct AS per diagram).

maximum-paths ibgp 3– tells BGP to keep up to 3 iBGP paths to the same destination, enabling CEF to load-share across them.

Other options:

ip load-sharing ibgp 3– not a valid command.

router bgp 101– wrong AS number.

ip load-sharing per-destination– controls CEF hashing but does not enable BGP to install multiple iBGP paths by itself.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation

Cisco NFVIS logging levels (from lowest to highest):

critical

error

warning

info

debug←highest verbosity

To capture maximum diagnostic detail, engineers must enabledebuglogging on theoperational log type, which records system activity and runtime behavior.

Thus the correct command is:

system set-log logtype operational level debug

This provides the deepest troubleshooting visibility.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Cisco SP Core Optimization Knowledge

Cisco IOS supportsBGP Multipathfor installing multiple equal-cost BGP routes (both iBGP and eBGP) into the routing table. The correct global BGP command syntax to set the number of allowable parallel BGP paths is:

maximum-paths

For BGP specifically, the form is:

maximum-paths bgp

This enables the router to install up to the specified number of equal-cost BGP routes (iBGP and eBGP) into the RIB and then potentially into the FIB.

Setting:

maximum-paths bgp 6

allowssixparallel ECMP paths learned via BGP—this matches the requirement in the question.

Why the other options are incorrect

B. multipath eibgp 6Not a valid Cisco IOS command.

C. maximum paths bgp routers 6Invalid syntax.

D. maximum-paths eibgp 6The correct keyword isbgp, noteibgp.Cisco does not use “eibgp” in this context; IOS supports BGP multipath across iBGP/eBGP automatically when configured under maximum-paths bgp.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation

BGP Flowspec allows routers to distributetraffic-filtering rulesusing BGP NLRI.

To enable Flowspec, after neighbors are configured, the essential next step is:

✔Activate the Flowspec address-family under BGP

Example:

router bgp 65000

address-family ipv4 flowspec

neighbor X.X.X.X activate

exit-address-family

This enables:

FlowSpec NLRI exchange

Distribution of drop rules (rate-limit, redirect, null route, etc.)

Automatic ACL/class-map/policy-map generation on edge routers

Why the other options are incorrect:

B. Set BGP routing process→ already done when neighbors were configured

C. Activate neighbors→ only makes senseinsidean address-family; flowspec AF must be enabled first

D. Configure route reflector→ optional and not required for Flowspec to operate

Thus, the correct next step isA. Configure Flowspec for the BGP address-family.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation

AWSSecurity Groupsact as the primary stateful firewalls for EC2 instances.

To restrict SSH (TCP/22) to a single host (20.20.20.20/32), aSecurity Groupmust be configured with:

Inbound rule: TCP 22

Source: 20.20.20.20/32

ACLs operate at the subnet level but are not used for instance-specific SSH restrictions.

WAF controls HTTP/HTTPS traffic, not SSH.

Resource groups only organize cloud assets.

Thus,Bis the correct solution.

Cisco Umbrella DNS-layer security:

Blocks malicious domains used inphishing,malware,C2 communications, andransomware

Stops threatsbeforeconnections are made

Uses DNS-based filtering and threat intelligence

It doesnotmitigate:

DDoS (needs scrubbing centers)

Brute force login attempts

Zero-day exploits directly

Thus,Ais correct.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation

In Cisco Secure Endpoint Private Cloud AirGap mode, Internet access is disabled. Updates must be uploaded manually and then triggered inside the Secure Endpoint console.

The commandforce update -yinitiates the update of the manually uploaded Secure Endpoint package.

Other commands are not used for Secure Endpoint updates:

rpm -qa→ Lists Linux packages only

jamf-sync all→ Used for Apple JAMF integrations

genisoimage→ Used to create ISO files, irrelevant to Secure Endpoint

Therefore,Ais correct.

In a VXLAN BGP EVPN fabric, each VTEP (NVE interface) must useBGP EVPN as the host-reachability protocolso that MAC/IP information and VTEP reachability are exchanged through the control plane.

From the exhibit:

LEAF-SW-1 – interface nve1

source-interface loopback0

No host-reachability protocol bgp

Host Learning Mode: Data-Plane in show nve interface

LEAF-SW-2 – interface nve1

source-interface loopback0

host-reachability protocol bgp configured

This mismatch causes one VTEP to rely ondata-plane flood-and-learn, while the other usesEVPN BGP control-plane learning, leading to inconsistent and “corrupted” MAC/IP and ARP/ND information between the leaf switches.

The fix is to configure LEAF-SW-1 to also use BGP for host reachability:

interface nve1

host-reachability protocol bgp

Options B and D are incorrect because anycast VTEP designs intentionally share the sameprimaryloopback IP while usingdifferent secondary IPsandunique BGP router IDs. Option A (removing suppress-arp) does not correct the control-plane mismatch.

Therefore, enabling host-reachability protocol bgp on LEAF-SW-1 (OptionC) resolves the issue.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Cisco SP Cloud Network Infrastructure Security Knowledge

Cloud security compliance frameworks (such as ISO 27001, PCI-DSS, GDPR, SOC 2, HIPAA) require:

Evidence of security events

Retention of logs for audit periods

Ability to generate compliance reports

Traceability and accountability

Incident investigation support

Effective log management enables:

Centralized collection of application, network, and system logs

Storage of logs for mandated retention periods

Generation ofaudit-ready reports

Documentation required for compliance assessments

Demonstration that monitoring and security controls are active and functioning

Therefore, the role of log management in regulatory compliance is primarily aboutdocumentation, traceability, auditing, and reporting, which aligns only with Option A.

The other options do not directly serve regulatory compliance requirements:

Brelates to resource optimization, not compliance.

Crefers to interoperability, which is unrelated to regulatory auditing.

Dimproves security but does not directly address compliance documentation.

Cisco NSO-based orchestration principles in a multi-vendor environment require:

Service modeling using flexible, reusable YANG models

Abstraction of vendor-specific device differences

Transaction-safe configuration validation and execution

End-to-end automation across lifecycle stages (Day-0, Day-1, Day-N)

Scalability and adaptability for evolving requirements

Option C aligns perfectly with NSO service-modeling approaches:

Service models must be flexible, not rigid, enabling changes as technologies and needs evolve.

The architecture must support continuous refinement, enabling multi-vendor abstraction and lifecycle automation.

This ensures the network evolves seamlessly while remaining stable and automated.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect

A – Simplified monitoring and post-deployment adjustments do not meet the core need for full lifecycle service modeling and abstraction.

B – Configuring devices individually contradicts the entire purpose of orchestration and abstraction.

D – A static YANG model cannot accommodate multi-vendor environments or future scalability.

Thus, only Option C matches full NSO-capable service modeling requirements.