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Comparing a current version of code to a previous version is a common practice in software development for troubleshooting code failures. This process, often referred to as "diffing," helps developers identify changes that might have introduced bugs or caused the application to behave incorrectly. By pinpointing these changes, developers can more efficiently debug and resolve issues.

The block of code that correctly completes the script should handle timeout exceptions and print the error, as well as print the response body if the HTTP status code is 200. Option A achieves this:

import requests

url = 'https://api.meraki.com/api/v0/networks/net1/httpServers '

headers = { 'Accept': 'application/json' }

response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, verify=False, timeout=5)

try:

response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False, timeout=5)

response.raise_for_status()

except requests.Timeout as e:

print("Timeout Error: {}".format(e))

if response.status_code == 200:

print(response.text)

This code makes a GET request to the specified URL, handles the timeout exception by printing a message, and prints the response body if the status code is 200.

The EXPOSE instruction in a Dockerfile informs Docker that the container listens on the specified network ports at runtime.

EXPOSE Instruction: It does not publish the port but indicates to Docker that the application inside the container uses this port.

Listening Port: The Docker container will be configured to listen on port 5000 using EXPOSE 5000.

Latency refers to the delay between a client request and a server response. A large distance between a client device and a host server increases the latency due to the time it takes for data to travel over the network.

Latency: The time delay experienced in a system, particularly in networking, where it refers to the time taken for data to travel from the source to the destination.

Impact: High latency can result in slow response times, negatively impacting the performance of applications, especially those requiring real-time interactions.

The control plane in a network device is responsible for routing and signaling. Protocols such as BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) and OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) are integral to the control plane.

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): BGP is used for exchanging routing information between autonomous systems on the internet, making it a crucial control plane protocol.

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First): OSPF is an interior gateway protocol used for routing within an autonomous system, also part of the control plane.

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is a type of attack that forges a malicious HTTP request and sends it from a user's browser to a different site where the user is authenticated. The attacker tricks the user into executing unwanted actions on a web application in which the user is currently authenticated. This can lead to unauthorized actions being performed on the user's behalf.

In the provided Python code, the API_PASSWORD is retrieved from the environment variable API_PASSWORD. To set this environment variable in a Bash shell, the correct command to use is export. This command sets the environment variable for the current shell session and any child processes.

Bash Command: export API_PASSWORD=Cisco123!

This command ensures that the environment variable API_PASSWORD is set to "Cisco123!" and can be accessed by the Python script.

In the context of webhooks, an application that interacts with a webhook can be described as a Listener or Receiver:

Listener: The application waits for incoming HTTP POST requests sent by the webhook.

Receiver: The application receives the data payloads from the webhook when certain events occur.