Amazon Web Services SAP-C02 Exam Questions Free Practice Test

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Questions # 106:

A company ' s solutions architect needs to provide secure Remote Desktop connectivity to users for Amazon EC2 Windows instances that are hosted in a VPC. The solution must integrate centralized user management with the company ' s on-premises Active Directory. Connectivity to the VPC is through the internet. The company has hardware that can be used to establish an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Deploy a managed Active Directory by using AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory. Establish a trust with the on-premises Active Directory.Deploy an EC2 instance as a bastion host in the VPC. Ensure that the EC2 instance is joined to the domain. Use the bastion host to access the target instances through RDP.

Configure AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to integrate with the on-premises Active Directory by using the AWS Directory Service for MicrosoftActive Directory AD Connector. Configure permission sets against user groups for access to AWS Systems Manager. Use Systems Manager Fleet Manager toaccess the target instances through RDP.

Implement a VPN between the on-premises environment and the target VPC. Ensure that the target instances are joined to the on-premises Active Directory domain over the VPN connection. Configure RDP access through the VPN. Connect from the company ' s network to the target instances.

Deploy a managed Active Directory by using AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory. Establish a trust with the on-premises Active Directory.Deploy a Remote Desktop Gateway on AWS by using an AWS Quick Start. Ensure that the Remote Desktop Gateway is joined to the domain. Use the Remote Desktop Gateway to access the target instances through RDP.

Expert Solution

Questions # 107:

Question:

A company is deploying a newbig data analytics clusteracross multiple Availability Zones. All nodes must haveread/write access to shared file storagethat ishighly available,POSIX-compatible, andhigh-throughput.

Options:

Use AWS Storage Gateway (file gateway) backed by Amazon S3

Use Amazon EFS in General Purpose performance mode

Use Amazon EBS with Multi-Attach

Use Amazon EFS with Max I/O performance mode

Expert Solution

Questions # 108:

A company has dozens of AWS accounts for different teams, applications, and environments. The company has defined a custom set of controls that all accounts must have. The company is concerned that potential misconfigurations in the accounts could lead to security issues or noncompliance. A solutions architect must design a solution that deploys the custom controls by using infrastructure as code (IaC) in a repeatable way. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Configure AWS Config rules in each account to evaluate the account settings against the custom controls. Define AWS Lambda functions in AWS CloudFormation templates. Program the Lambda functions to remediate noncompliant AWS Config rules. Deploy the CloudFormation templates as stack sets during account creation. Configure the stack sets to invoke the Lambda functions.

Configure AWS Systems Manager associations to remediate configuration issues across accounts. Define the desired configuration state in an AWS CloudFormation template by using AWS::SSM::Association. Deploy the CloudFormation templates as stack sets to all accounts during account creation.

Enable AWS Control Tower to set up and govern the multi-account environment. Use blueprints that enforce security best practices. Use Customizations for AWS Control Tower and CloudFormation templates to define the custom controls for each account. Use Amazon EventBridge to deploy Customizations for AWS Control Tower during account-provisioning lifecycle events.

Enable AWS Security Hub in all the accounts to aggregate findings in a central administrator account. Develop AWS CloudFormation templates to create Amazon EventBridge rules, AWS Lambda functions, and CloudFormation stacks in each account to remediate Security Hub findings. Deploy the CloudFormation stacks during account provisioning to set up the automated remediation.

Expert Solution

Questions # 109:

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage more than 1.000 AWS accounts. The company has created a new developer organization. There are 540 developer member accounts that must be moved to the new developer organization. All accounts are set up with all the required Information so that each account can be operated as a standalone account.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to move all of the developer accounts to the new developer organization? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Call the MoveAccount operation in the Organizations API from the old organization ' s management account to migrate the developer accounts to the new developer organization.

From the management account, remove each developer account from the old organization using the RemoveAccountFromOrganization operation in the Organizations API.

From each developer account, remove the account from the old organization using the RemoveAccountFromOrganization operation in the Organizations API.

Sign in to the new developer organization ' s management account and create a placeholder member account that acts as a target for the developer account migration.

Call the InviteAccountToOrganization operation in the Organizations API from the new developer organization ' s management account to send invitations to the developer accounts.

Have each developer sign in to their account and confirm to join the new developer organization.

Expert Solution

Questions # 110:

A company is migrating infrastructure for its massive multiplayer game to AWS. The game ' s application features a leaderboard where players can see rankings in real time. The leaderboard requires microsecond reads and single-digit-millisecond write latencies. The datasets are single-digit terabytes in size and must be available to accept writes in less than a minute if a primary node failure occurs.

The company needs a solution in which data can persist for further analytical processing through a data pipeline.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create an Amazon ElastiCache (Redis OSS) cluster with cluster mode enabled. Configure the application to interact with the primary node.

Create an Amazon RDS database with a read replica. Configure the application to point writes to the writer endpoint. Configure the application to point reads to the reader endpoint.

Create an Amazon MemoryDB cluster in Multi-AZ mode. Configure the application to interact with the primary node.

Create multiple Redis nodes on Amazon EC2 instances that are spread across multiple Availability Zones. Configure backups to Amazon S3.

Expert Solution

Answer

Explanation

The workload is a real-time leaderboard that needs extremely low latency: microsecond reads and single-digit millisecond writes. It also needs rapid failover (accepting writes in less than a minute after a primary node failure) and minimal operational overhead. Additionally, the data must be durable enough to persist and be used later for analytics through a data pipeline.

Amazon MemoryDB for Redis is a Redis-compatible, durable, in-memory database service designed for microsecond read latency and low-millisecond write latency while also providing durability through a distributed transaction log. MemoryDB is designed to be a primary database rather than a cache and supports Multi-AZ configurations with fast failover. These characteristics match the leaderboard’s latency requirements and the availability requirement to resume writes quickly after a failure. Because MemoryDB is fully managed, it has less operational overhead than running Redis on EC2.

Option C is the best choice because MemoryDB provides Redis compatibility, in-memory performance, Multi-AZ high availability, and durability that supports data persistence for downstream processing. The durability aspect is especially important for feeding analytics pipelines, because the data is not only cached but is retained as a database record.

Option A is not the best choice because Amazon ElastiCache for Redis is primarily used as a cache. While it can be configured for replication and can achieve low latency, it is not positioned as a durable primary data store in the same way as MemoryDB for Redis. For requirements that explicitly combine extremely low latency with persistence and database-like durability, MemoryDB is the more appropriate managed service with lower operational overhead than building custom durability mechanisms.

Option B is not suitable because Amazon RDS for MySQL typically cannot meet microsecond read latency, and write latencies are usually higher than single-digit milliseconds for non-trivial workloads. Also, read replicas do not provide multi-writer capability and do not ensure sub-minute write availability in all failure scenarios without additional architecture and failover handling.

Option D has the highest operational overhead because it requires the company to operate Redis on EC2: instance management, patching, scaling, replication, failover automation, monitoring, and backup/restore processes. This does not meet the requirement for the least operational overhead compared to fully managed services.

Therefore, an Amazon MemoryDB cluster in Multi-AZ mode provides the required ultra-low latency, rapid failover for write availability, durability for persistence, and least operational overhead.

[References:AWS documentation on Amazon MemoryDB for Redis, including Redis compatibility, microsecond read latency, Multi-AZ availability, fast failover, and durability suitable for primary database use.AWS documentation on the positioning of Amazon ElastiCache for Redis as an in-memory caching service and MemoryDB as a durable in-memory database., , ]

Questions # 111:

A company has an application that uses an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster for the application ' s database. The DB cluster contains one small primary instance and three larger replica instances. The application runs on an AWS Lambda function. The application makes many short-lived connections to the database ' s replica instances to perform read-only operations.

During periods of high traffic, the application becomes unreliable and the database reports that too many connections are being established. The frequency of high-traffic periods is unpredictable.

Which solution will improve the reliability of the application?

Options:

Use Amazon RDS Proxy to create a proxy for the DB cluster. Configure a read-only endpoint for the proxy. Update the Lambda function to connect to the proxyendpoint.

Increase the max_connections setting on the DB cluster ' s parameter group. Reboot all the instances in the DB cluster. Update the Lambda function to connect to the DB cluster endpoint.

Configure instance scaling for the DB cluster to occur when the DatabaseConnections metric is close to the max _ connections setting. Update the Lambda function to connect to the Aurora reader endpoint.

Use Amazon RDS Proxy to create a proxy for the DB cluster. Configure a read-only endpoint for the Aurora Data API on the proxy. Update the Lambda function to connect to the proxy endpoint.

Expert Solution

Questions # 112:

A company uses an AWS CodeCommit repository The company must store a backup copy of the data that is in the repository in a second AWS Region

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to replicate the CodeCommit repository data to the second Region

Use AWS Backup to back up the CodeCommit repository on an hourly schedule Create a cross-Region copy in the second Region

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke AWS CodeBuild when the company pushes code to the repository Use CodeBuild to clone the repository Create a zip file of the content Copy the file to an S3 bucket in the second Region

Create an AWS Step Functions workflow on an hourly schedule to take a snapshot of the CodeCommit repository Configure the workflow to copy the snapshot to an S3 bucket in the second Region

Expert Solution

Questions # 113:

A company needs to aggregate Amazon CloudWatch logs from its AWS accounts into one central logging account. The collected logs must remain in the AWS Region of creation. The central logging account will then process the logs, normalize the logs into standard output format, and stream the output logs to a security tool for more processing.

A solutions architect must design a solution that can handle a large volume of logging data that needs to be ingested. Less logging will occur outside normal business hours than during normal business hours. The logging solution must scale with the anticipated load. The solutions architect has decided to use an AWS Control Tower design to handle the multi-account logging process.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet the requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create a destination Amazon Kinesis data stream in the central logging account.

Create a destination Amazon SQS queue in the central logging account.

Create an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs the permission to add data to the Amazon Kinesis data stream. Create a trust policy. Specify the trust policy in the IAM role. In each member account, create a subscription filter for each log group to send data to the Kinesis data stream.

Create an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs the permission to add data to the Amazon SQS queue. Create a trust policy. Specify the trust policy in the IAM role. In each member account, create a single subscription filter for all log groups to send data to the SQS queue.

Create an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to normalize the logs in the central logging account and to write the logs to the security tool.

Create an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to normalize the logs in the member accounts and to write the logs to the security tool.

Expert Solution

Questions # 114:

A company has an application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances. A solutions architect is designing VPC infrastructure in an AWS Region where the application needs to access an Amazon Aurora DB cluster. The EC2 instances are all associated with the same security group. The DB cluster is associated with its own security group.

The solutions architect needs to add rules to the security groups to provide the application with least privilege access to the DB cluster.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Add an inbound rule to the EC2 instances ' security group. Specify the DB cluster ' s security group as the source over the default Aurora port.

Add an outbound rule to the EC2 instances ' security group. Specify the DB cluster ' s security group as the destination over the default Aurora port.

Add an inbound rule to the DB cluster ' s security group. Specify the EC2 instances ' security group as the source over the default Aurora port.

Add an outbound rule to the DB cluster ' s security group. Specify the EC2 instances ' security group as the destination over the default Aurora port.

Add an outbound rule to the DB cluster ' s security group. Specify the EC2 instances ' security group as the destination over the ephemeral ports.

Expert Solution

Questions # 115:

A company is building an application on Amazon EMR to analyze data. The following user groups need to perform different actions:

• Administrator: Provision EMR clusters from different configurations.

• Data engineer: Create an EMR cluster from a small set of available configurations. Run ETL scripts to process data.

• Data analyst: Create an EMR cluster with a specific configuration. Run SQL queries and Apache Hive queries on the data.

A solutions architect must design a solution that gives each group the ability to launch only its authorized EMR configurations. The solution must provide the groups with least privilege access to only the resources that they need. The solution also must provide tagging for all resources that the groups create.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Service Catalog to control the Amazon EMR versions available for deployment, the cluster configurations, and the permissions for each user group.

Configure Kerberos-based authentication for EMR clusters when the EMR clusters launch. Specify a Kerberos security configuration and cluster-specific Kerberos options.

Create IAM roles for each user group. Attach policies to the roles to define allowed actions for users. Create an AWS Config rule to check for noncompliant resources. Configure the rule to notify the company to address noncompliant resources.

Use AWS CloudFormation to launch EMR clusters with attached resource policies. Create an AWS Config rule to check for noncompliant resources. Configure the rule to notify the company to address noncompliant resources.

Expert Solution

Questions # 116:

A company wants to retire its Oracle Solaris NFS storage arrays. The company requires rapid data migration over its internet network connection to a combination of destinations for Amazon S3, Amazon EFS, and Amazon FSx for Windows File Server. The company also requires a full initial copy, as well as incremental transfers of changes until the retirement of the storage arrays. All data must be encrypted and checked for integrity.

What should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Application Migration Service. Create a project and deploy the AWS Replication Agent and token to the storage array. Run the migration plan to start the transfer.

Configure AWS DataSync. Configure the DataSync agent and deploy it to the local network. Create a transfer task and start the transfer.

Configure the aws S3 sync command. Configure the AWS client on the client side with credentials. Run the sync command to start the transfer.

Configure AWS Transfer for FTP. Configure the FTP client with credentials. Script the client to connect and sync to start the transfer.

Expert Solution

Questions # 117:

A travel company built a web application that uses Amazon SES to send email notifications to users. The company needs to enable logging to help troubleshoot email delivery issues. The company also needs the ability to do searches that are based on recipient, subject, and time sent.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an Amazon SES configuration set with Amazon Data Firehose as the destination. Choose to send logs to an Amazon S3 bucket.

Enable AWS CloudTrail logging. Specify an Amazon S3 bucket as the destination for the logs.

Use Amazon Athena to query the logs in the Amazon S3 bucket for recipient, subject, and time sent.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch log group. Configure Amazon SES to send logs to the log group.

Use Amazon Athena to query the logs in Amazon CloudWatch for recipient, subject, and time sent.

Expert Solution

Answer

A, C

Explanation

The company wants logging that helps troubleshoot email delivery issues and also wants to search by recipient, subject, and time sent. Amazon SES provides event publishing for email sending and delivery events through configuration sets. With a configuration set, SES can publish sending events such as send, delivery, bounce, complaint, reject, and rendering failure to destinations such as Amazon CloudWatch, Amazon SNS, or Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose. For building a searchable log store, delivering these events into Amazon S3 through Kinesis Data Firehose is an effective approach because S3 provides durable storage and integrates well with query services.

Option A creates an SES configuration set with a Kinesis Data Firehose destination that delivers logs to an S3 bucket. This captures detailed SES event data that is directly useful for troubleshooting delivery issues and retaining historical records for analysis.

Once logs are stored in Amazon S3, Amazon Athena can query the data using SQL. Athena is designed to query data in S3 and is well suited for ad hoc searches. This meets the requirement to search based on recipient, subject, and time sent, assuming the event schema includes these fields (or they are included in the published event payload). Therefore, option C completes the solution by enabling searches over the stored log dataset.

Option B (CloudTrail) records API activity, such as calls made to SES APIs, but it is not designed to capture per-message delivery outcomes (deliveries, bounces, complaints) in a way that supports troubleshooting delivery behavior and detailed email event searching. CloudTrail is useful for auditing who called SES APIs, not for tracking message-level delivery events and outcomes.

Option D (CloudWatch log group) is another valid SES event publishing destination, but if the requirement is to perform flexible searches by multiple dimensions over a potentially large historical dataset, storing the logs in S3 and querying with Athena is a more direct and scalable pattern. Also, the provided option E is incorrect because Athena queries data in S3, not in CloudWatch Logs. CloudWatch Logs has its own query mechanism, but Athena is not used to query CloudWatch Logs directly in the way described.

Option E is incorrect because Amazon Athena does not query CloudWatch Logs as a log store. The typical searchable pattern for Athena is S3-backed datasets.

Therefore, the best combination to satisfy logging and searchable analysis requirements is to publish SES events to S3 via Kinesis Data Firehose (option A) and query those logs with Athena (option C).

[References:AWS documentation on Amazon SES configuration sets and event publishing destinations including Kinesis Data Firehose and Amazon S3 for email sending and delivery event logs.AWS documentation on Amazon Athena for querying structured or semi-structured log data stored in Amazon S3 using SQL., , , , ]

Questions # 118:

A solutions architect must provide a secure way for a team of cloud engineers to use the AWS CLI to upload objects into an Amazon S3 bucket Each cloud engineer has an IAM user. IAM access keys and a virtual multi-factor authentication (MFA) device The IAM users for the cloud engineers are in a group that is named S3-access The cloud engineers must use MFA to perform any actions in Amazon S3

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Attach a policy to the S3 bucket to prompt the 1AM user for an MFA code when the 1AM user performs actions on the S3 bucket Use 1AM access keys with the AWS CLI tocall Amazon S3

Update the trust policy for the S3-access group to require principals to use MFA when principals assume the group Use 1AM access keys with the AWS CLI to call Amazon S3

Attach a policy to the S3-access group to deny all S3 actions unless MFA is present Use 1AM access keys with the AWS CLI to call Amazon S3

Attach a policy to the S3-access group to deny all S3 actions unless MFA is present Request temporary credentials from AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) Attach the temporary credentials in a profile that Amazon S3 will reference when the user performs actions in Amazon S3

Expert Solution

Answer

Explanation

The company should attach a policy to the S3-access group to deny all S3 actions unless MFA is present. The company should request temporary credentials from AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS). The company should attach the temporary credentials in a profile that Amazon S3 will reference when the user performs actions in Amazon S3. This solution will meet the requirements because AWS STS is a service that enables you to request temporary, limited-privilege credentials for IAM users or for users that you authenticate (federated users). You can use MFA with AWS STS to provide an extra layer of security when requesting temporary credentials1. You can use the sts get-session-token AWS CLI command to request temporary credentials that include an MFA token2. You can then use these credentials with the AWS CLI to access Amazon S3 resources. To do this, you need to attach a policy to the IAM group that denies all S3 actions unless MFA is present3.You also need to create a profile in the AWS CLI configuration file that references the temporary credentials.

The other options are not correct because:

Attaching a policy to the S3 bucket to prompt the IAM user for an MFA code when the IAM user performs actions on the S3 bucket would not work because policies attached to S3 buckets cannot enforce MFA authentication. Policies attached to S3 buckets are resource-based policies that define what actions can be performed on the bucket and by whom. They do not have any logic to prompt for an MFA code or verify it.

Updating the trust policy for the S3-access group to require principals to use MFA when principals assume the group would not work because trust policies are used for roles, not groups. Trust policies are policies that define which principals can assume a role. They do not apply to groups, which are collections of IAM users that share permissions.

Creating an Amazon Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall domain list that contains the allowed domains and configuring a DNS Firewall rule group with rules to allow or block requests based on the domain list would not help with enforcing MFA authentication for Amazon S3 actions. Amazon Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall is a feature that enables you to filter and regulate outbound DNS traffic for your VPC. You can create reusable collections of filtering rules in DNS Firewall rule groups and associate them with your VPCs. You can specify lists of domain names to allow or block, and you can customize the responses for the DNS queries that you block. This feature is useful for controlling access to sites and blocking DNS-level threats, but not for requiring MFA authentication.

[References:, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_temp.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_mfa_enable_cliapi.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_mfa_sample-policies.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-configure-profiles.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/resolver-dns-firewall.html, , , , , , , , ]

Questions # 119:

A company is migrating its infrastructure to the AWS Cloud. The company must comply with a variety of regulatory standards for different projects. The company needs a multi-account environment.

A solutions architect needs to prepare the baseline infrastructure. The solution must provide a consistent baseline of management and security, but it must allow flexibility for different compliance requirements within various AWS accounts. The solution also needs to integrate with the existing on-premises Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) server.

Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?

Options:

Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Create a single SCP for least privilege access across all accounts. Create a single OU for all accounts.Configure an IAM identity provider for federation with the on-premises AD FS server. Configure a central logging account with a defined process for loggenerating services to send log events to the central account. Enable AWS Config in the central account with conformance packs for all accounts.

Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Enable AWS Control Tower on the organization. Review included controls (guardrails) for SCPs. Check AWSConfig for areas that require additions. Add OUS as necessary. Connect AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to the on-premises AD FS server.

Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Create SCPs for least privilege access. Create an OU structure, and use it to group AWS accounts. ConnectAWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to the on-premises AD FS server. Configure a central logging account with a defined process for loggenerating services to send log events to the central account. Enable AWS Config in the central account with aggregators and conformance packs.

Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Enable AWS Control Tower on the organization. Review included controls (guardrails) for SCPs. Check AWSConfig for areas that require additions. Configure an IAM identity provider for federation with the on-premises AD FS server.

Expert Solution

Questions # 120:

A company has 50 AWS accounts that are members of an organization in AWS Organizations Each account contains multiple VPCs The company wants to use AWS Transit Gateway to establishconnectivity between the VPCs in each member account Each time a new member account is created, the company wants to automate the process of creating a new VPC and a transit gateway attachment.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO)

Options:

From the management account, share the transit gateway with member accounts by using AWS Resource Access Manager

Prom the management account, share the transit gateway with member accounts by using an AWS Organizations SCP

Launch an AWS CloudFormation stack set from the management account that automatical^/ creates a new VPC and a VPC transit gateway attachment in a member account. Associate the attachment with the transit gateway in the management account by using the transit gateway ID.

Launch an AWS CloudFormation stack set from the management account that automatical^ creates a new VPC and a peering transit gateway attachment in a member account. Share the attachment with the transit gateway in the management account by using a transit gateway service-linked role.

From the management account, share the transit gateway with member accounts by using AWS Service Catalog

Expert Solution

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