Amazon Web Services SAP-C02 Exam Questions Free Practice Test

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Questions # 106:

A company has developed a web application. The company is hosting the application on a group of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The company wants to improve the security posture of the application and plans to use AWS WAF web ACLs. The solution must not adversely affect legitimate traffic to the application.

How should a solutions architect configure the web ACLs to meet these requirements?

Options:

Set the action of the web ACL rules to Count. Enable AWS WAF logging Analyze the requests for false positives Modify the rules to avoid any false positive Over time change the action of the web ACL rules from Count to Block.

Use only rate-based rules in the web ACLs. and set the throttle limit as high as possible Temporarily block all requests that exceed the limit. Define nested rules to narrow the scope of the rate tracking.

Set the action o ' the web ACL rules to Block. Use only AWS managed rule groups in the web ACLs Evaluate the rule groups by using Amazon CloudWatch metrics with AWS WAF sampled requests or AWS WAF logs.

Use only custom rule groups in the web ACLs. and set the action to Allow Enable AWS WAF logging Analyze the requests tor false positives Modify the rules to avoid any false positive Over time, change the action of the web ACL rules from Allow to Block.

Expert Solution

Questions # 107:

A solutions architect is reviewing an application ' s resilience before launch. The application runs on an Amazon EC2 instance that is deployed in a private subnet of a VPC.

The EC2 instance is provisioned by an Auto Scaling group that has a minimum capacity of I and a maximum capacity of I. The application stores data on an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. The VPC has subnets configured in three Availability Zones and is configured with a single NAT gateway.

The solutions architect needs to recommend a solution to ensure that the application will operate across multiple Availability Zones.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

Deploy an additional NAT gateway in the other Availability Zones. Update the route tables with appropriate routes. Modify the RDS for MySQL DB instance to a Multi-AZ configuration. Configure the Auto Scaling group to launch instances across Availability Zones. Set the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the Auto Scaling group to 3.

Replace the NAT gateway with a virtual private gateway. Replace the RDS for MySQL DB instance with an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. Configure the Auto Scaling group to launch instances across all subnets in the VPC. Set the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the Auto Scaling group to 3.

Replace the NAT gateway with a NAT instance. Migrate the RDS for MySQL DB instance to an RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance. Launch a new EC2 instance in the other Availability Zones.

Deploy an additional NAT gateway in the other Availability Zones. Update the route tables with appropriate routes. Modify the RDS for MySQL DB instance to turn on automatic backups and retain the backups for 7 days. Configure the Auto Scaling group to launch instances across all subnets in the VPC. Keep the minimum capacity and the maximum capacity of the Auto Scaling group at 1.

Expert Solution

Answer

Explanation

The goal is to ensure the application operates across multiple Availability Zones. That means removing single points of failure in compute, database, and network egress for private subnets.

For compute, the Auto Scaling group currently has min=1 and max=1, which guarantees only one instance is running at a time. Even if the Auto Scaling group spans multiple subnets, a single-instance configuration cannot provide multi-AZ active capacity because a failure of the Availability Zone hosting the single instance would cause downtime until a new instance is launched in a different zone. To operate across multiple Availability Zones, the solution should run multiple instances across different AZs, which implies increasing the minimum capacity above 1 and allowing the group to launch across multiple subnets/AZs.

For the database, a single-AZ RDS for MySQL instance is a single point of failure. Converting to an RDS Multi-AZ configuration provides synchronous replication to a standby in a different Availability Zone and managed failover to maintain availability when the primary AZ or instance fails.

For NAT, a single NAT gateway is an AZ-scoped managed resource. If private subnets in other AZs route to a NAT gateway in one AZ, an AZ outage can break outbound connectivity for workloads that depend on NAT. The resilient pattern is to deploy a NAT gateway in each Availability Zone and configure each private subnet’s route table to use the NAT gateway in the same AZ.

Option A addresses all three: it deploys additional NAT gateways per AZ and updates route tables accordingly, converts RDS to Multi-AZ, and adjusts Auto Scaling to launch across AZs with min and max set to 3 so there are instances running in multiple AZs simultaneously. This ensures the application remains available across AZ failures, meeting the requirement.

Option B replaces NAT with a virtual private gateway, which is used for VPN/Direct Connect connectivity, not for internet egress from private subnets. It does not satisfy the NAT functionality requirement. Although Aurora can provide high availability, the NAT replacement is not correct for the described architecture.

Option C increases operational overhead by replacing NAT gateway with NAT instances, which are self-managed and less resilient without additional design. It also changes the database engine to PostgreSQL unnecessarily and does not directly address the requirement with minimal change.

Option D improves NAT resiliency but only enables RDS automatic backups, which is a durability feature, not a high availability feature. Backups do not provide automatic failover and do not ensure the application will operate across multiple AZs. Also, keeping Auto Scaling min/max at 1 still leaves the application compute layer single-AZ at any given moment.

Therefore, option A is the correct solution.

[References:AWS documentation on NAT gateway being an Availability Zone–scoped resource and the best practice of deploying one NAT gateway per AZ for multi-AZ resilience.AWS documentation on Amazon RDS Multi-AZ deployments providing managed synchronous standby and automatic failover for high availability.AWS documentation on EC2 Auto Scaling across multiple subnets/AZs and using desired/min capacity greater than 1 to achieve multi-AZ active capacity., , , , , , , ]

Questions # 108:

A solutions architect is creating an application that stores objects in an Amazon S3 bucket The solutions architect must deploy the application in two AWS Regions that will be used simultaneously The objects in the two S3 buckets must remain synchronized with each other.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Select THREE)

Options:

Create an S3 Multi-Region Access Point. Change the application to refer to the Multi-Region Access Point

Configure two-way S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) between the two S3 buckets

Modify the application to store objects in each S3 bucket.

Create an S3 Lifecycle rule for each S3 bucket to copy objects from one S3 bucket to the other S3 bucket.

Enable S3 Versioning for each S3 bucket

Configure an event notification for each S3 bucket to invoke an AVVS Lambda function to copy objects from one S3 bucket to the other S3 bucket.

Expert Solution

Questions # 109:

A company is planning to migrate workloads from its on-premises data center to Amazon EC2 instances. The workloads run on physical servers and VMware virtual servers. The company has gathered details about each on-premises server and virtual server, including server specification, CPU utilization, and memory utilization. The company has stored these details in a .csv file named onprem.csv.

Before the migration, the company must estimate the cost of running the servers on AWS and must determine recommended EC2 instance types for the servers. The company must export this information to a different .csv file.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Compute Optimizer to generate recommendations from an external source. Import the onprem.csv file. Export the Compute Optimizer recommendations to a new .csv file.

Import the onprem.csv file into AWS Migration Hub by using AWS Migration Hub import. Use EC2 instance recommendations from Migration Hub to generate recommendations. Export the recommendations to a new .csv file.

Deploy AWS Application Discovery Service Agentless Collector on premises. Use Agentless Collector to import the onprem.csv file. Send the file to AWS Migration Hub. Use EC2 instance recommendations from Migration Hub to generate recommendations. Export the recommendations to a new .csv file.

Upload the onprem.csv file to an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure Migration Evaluator to import the data from the S3 bucket. Generate and confirm recommendations by using Migration Evaluator Quick Insights. Export the final recommendations to a new .csv file in the S3 bucket.

Expert Solution

Questions # 110:

A company hosts a Git repository in an on-premises data center. The company uses webhooks to invoke functionality that runs in the AWS Cloud. The company hosts the webhook logic on a set of Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group that the company set as a target for an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The Git server calls the ALB for the configured webhooks. The company wants to move the solution to a serverless architecture.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

For each webhook, create and configure an AWS Lambda function URL. Update the Git servers to call the individual Lambda function URLs.

Create an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API. Implement each webhook logic in a separate AWS Lambda function. Update the Git servers to call the API Gateway endpoint.

Deploy the webhook logic to AWS App Runner. Create an ALB, and set App Runner as the target. Update the Git servers to call the ALB endpoint.

Containerize the webhook logic. Create an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster, and run the webhook logic in AWS Fargate. Create an Amazon API Gateway REST API, and set Fargate as the target. Update the Git servers to call the API Gateway endpoint.

Expert Solution

Questions # 111:

A company deploys an AI agent on Amazon Bedrock AgentCore Runtime. The agent processes customer requests. Some agent actions are classified as high risk and must receive human approval before proceeding. The workflow must pause the agent, notify a human approver, and resume or cancel the action based on the approver ' s decision. Approvals typically take between 5 minutes and 60 minutes.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure the agent to write high-risk action requests to an Amazon SQS queue. Create a separate polling application that reads the queue and sends approval email messages by using Amazon SES. Configure the application to invoke the agent by providing the approval result.

Configure an AWS Step Functions workflow that invokes the agent. Use a task token callback pattern to pause the workflow when the agent identifies a high-risk action. Send the task token to an approver by using Amazon SNS. Resume or cancel the workflow when the approver responds with the task token.

Configure the agent to invoke an AWS Lambda function for high-risk actions. Configure the Lambda function to send an approval email message by using Amazon SNS. Configure the Lambda function to poll an Amazon DynamoDB table until the approver updates the approval status.

Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that intercepts all agent actions. Route high-risk actions to a separate approval queue. Create a second agent that monitors the queue and automatically approves or rejects actions without human input based on predefined rules.

Expert Solution

Questions # 112:

A company is planning to migrate an on-premises data center to AWS. The company currently hosts the data center on Linux-based VMware VMs. A solutions architect must collect information about network dependencies between the VMs. The information must be in the form of a diagram that details host IP addresses, hostnames, and network connection information.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS Application Discovery Service. Select an AWS Migration Hub home AWS Region. Install the AWS Application Discovery Agent on the on-premises servers for data collection. Grant permissions to Application Discovery Service to use the Migration Hub network diagrams.

Use the AWS Application Discovery Service Agentless Collector for server data collection. Export the network diagrams from the AWS Migration Hub in .png format.

Install the AWS Application Migration Service agent on the on-premises servers for data collection. Use AWS Migration Hub data in Workload Discovery on AWS to generate network diagrams.

Install the AWS Application Migration Service agent on the on-premises servers for data collection. Export data from AWS Migration Hub in .csv format into an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard to generate network diagrams.

Expert Solution

Answer

Questions # 113:

A company needs to optimize the infrastructure for an application that uploads data to Amazon S3. The uploads average 64 KB in size. When the data is uploaded, Amazon S3 sends an event to Amazon EventBridge. EventBridge then invokes an Amazon ECS application task.

The ECS task processes the data and stores the results in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Processing takes an average of 15 minutes. The company must keep the S3 data for 5 years and must keep the DynamoDB data for 15 days.

The application is gaining more users and is handling millions of S3 uploads every hour.

Which set of changes will provide the MOST cost-effective solution for the application?

Options:

Replace the ECS task with an AWS Lambda function for processing. Create S3 Lifecycle rules to move the S3 objects to S3 Intelligent-Tiering after 1 day and to expire the objects after 5 years. Configure DynamoDB Standard-Infrequent Access for the DynamoDB table.

Replace the S3 bucket with Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) to receive the data. Configure tiered storage for data that is older than 1 day. Configure EventBridge to read messages from Amazon MSK in batches of 1,000 messages. Replace the ECS task with an AWS Lambda function for processing. Configure a TTL of 15 days on the DynamoDB table.

Create an Amazon Data Firehose stream to receive the data. Configure buffering to deliver messages every minute to Amazon S3 in gzip format. Purchase a Compute Savings Plan based on usage recommendations. Create S3 Lifecycle rules to move the S3 objects to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 1 day and to expire the objects after 5 years. Configure a TTL of 15 days on the DynamoDB table.

Purchase a Compute Savings Plan based on usage recommendations. Create S3 Lifecycle rules to move the S3 objects to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 1 day and to expire the objects after 5 years. Configure DynamoDB Standard-Infrequent Access for the DynamoDB table.

Expert Solution

Questions # 114:

A company wants to migrate its workloads from on premises to AWS. The workloads run on Linuxand Windows. The company has a large on-premises intra structure that consists of physical machines and VMs that host numerous applications.

The company must capture details about the system configuration. system performance. running processure and network coi.net lions of its o. -premises ,on boards. The company also must divide the on-premises applications into groups for AWS migrations. The company needs recommendations for Amazon EC2 instance types so that the company can run its workloads on AWS in the most cost-effective manner.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Assess the existing applications by installing AWS Application Discovery Agent on the physical machines and VMs.

Assess the existing applications by installing AWS Systems Manager Agent on the physical machines and VMs

Group servers into applications for migration by using AWS Systems Manager Application Manager.

Group servers into applications for migration by using AWS Migration Hub.

Generate recommended instance types and associated costs by using AWS Migration Hub.

Import data about server sizes into AWS Trusted Advisor. Follow the recommendations for cost optimization.

Expert Solution

Questions # 115:

Example Corp recently acquired AnyCompany, which has been operating its AWS workloads in a single account. Example Corp needs to integrate AnyCompany’s account into Example Corp’s existing organization in AWS Organizations. Example Corp must ensure that all Amazon EC2 instances that are used for development are part of a specific OU for development work. Example Corp needs to scan all EC2 instances every day for vulnerabilities and produce a report that includes findings. All EC2 instances must be patched and baselined on a regular schedule.

Example Corp has already tagged all the EC2 instances that are used for development with a development environment tag.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? Select THREE.

Options:

Invite AnyCompany’s account into the organization. Use SCPs to enforce tag requirements for all new instances. Create a new account under an OU for development work. Recreate EC2 instances that have the development environment tag into the account.

Invite AnyCompany’s account into the organization. Use IAM policies for each account to enforce tag usage. Use AWS Resource Groups to recreate EC2 instances that have the development environment tag into a new OU for development work.

Configure AWS Security Hub across the organization. Configure AWS Trusted Advisor to perform daily security checks on all EC2 instances in the organization.

Configure AWS Security Hub across the organization. Configure Amazon Inspector to perform daily security checks on all EC2 instances in the organization.

Configure AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager in each individual account. Define patch baselines and reports separately for each account.

Configure AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager across the organization by using a delegated administrator account. Create organization-wide patch baselines and configure compliance reporting.

Expert Solution

Questions # 116:

A company recently completed the migration from an on-premises data center to the AWS Cloud by using a replatforming strategy. One of the migrated servers is running a legacy Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) service that a critical application relies upon. The application sends outbound email messages to the company’s customers. The legacy SMTP server does not support TLS encryption and uses TCP port 25. The application can use SMTP only.

The company decides to use Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) and to decommission the legacy SMTP server. The company has created and validated the SES domain. The company has lifted the SES limits.

What should the company do to modify the application to send email messages from Amazon SES?

Options:

Configure the application to connect to Amazon SES by using TLS Wrapper. Create an IAM role that has ses:SendEmail and ses:SendRawEmail permissions. Attach the IAM role to an Amazon EC2 instance.

Configure the application to connect to Amazon SES by using STARTTLS. Obtain Amazon SES SMTP credentials. Use the credentials to authenticate with Amazon SES.

Configure the application to use the SES API to send email messages. Create an IAM role that has ses:SendEmail and ses:SendRawEmail permissions. Use the IAM role as a service role for Amazon SES.

Configure the application to use AWS SDKs to send email messages. Create an IAM user for Amazon SES. Generate API access keys. Use the access keys to authenticate with Amazon SES.

Expert Solution

Questions # 117:

Question:

A company runs workloads on EC2 inmultiple VPCsin a single Region. They also have anon-premises DNS server(via Direct Connect). All EC2 instances must resolve internal.company.com usingprivate communication.

What should a solutions architect do? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create an Amazon Route 53inbound endpointin all workload VPCs.

Create a Route 53outbound endpointin one VPC.

Create a Route 53forwarding ruleto forward internal.company.com to the on-prem DNS.

Create a Route 53 rule with theSystemtype.

Associate the rule with all VPCs.

Associate the rule only with the VPC that has the outbound endpoint.

Expert Solution

Questions # 118:

A financial services company receives a regular data feed from its credit card servicing partner Approximately 5.000 records are sent every 15 minutes in plaintext, delivered over HTTPS directly into an Amazon S3 bucket with server-side encryption. This feed contains sensitive credit card primary account number (PAN) data The company needs to automatically mask the PAN before sending the data to another S3 bucket for additional internal processing. The company also needs to remove and merge specific fields, and then transform the record into JSON format Additionally, extra feeds are likely to be added in the future, so any design needs to be easily expandable.

Which solutions will meet these requirements?

Options:

Trigger an AWS Lambda function on file delivery that extracts each record and writes it to an Amazon SQS queue. Trigger another Lambda function when new messages arrive in the SQS queue to process the records, writing the results to a temporary location in Amazon S3. Trigger a final Lambda function once the SQS queue is empty to transform the records into JSON format and send the results to another S3 bucket for internal processing.

Trigger an AWS Lambda function on file delivery that extracts each record and writes it to an Amazon SQS queue. Configure an AWS Fargate container application to automatically scale to a single instance when the SQS queue contains messages. Have the application process each record, and transform the record into JSON format. When the queue is empty, send the results to another S3bucket for internal processing and scale down the AWS Fargate i

Create an AWS Glue crawler and custom classifier based on the data feed formats and build a table definition to match. Trigger an AWS Lambda function on file delivery to start an AWS Glue ETL job to transform the entire record according to the processing and transformation requirements. Define the output format as JSON. Once complete, have the ETL job send the results to another S3 bucket for internal processing.

Create an AWS Glue crawler and custom classifier based upon the data feed formats and build a table definition to match. Perform an Amazon Athena query on file delivery to start an Amazon EMR ETL job to transform the entire record according to the processing and transformation requirements. Define the output format as JSON. Once complete, send the results to another S3 bucket for internal processing and scale down the EMR cluster.

Expert Solution

Questions # 119:

Question:

A company is running a large containerized workload in the AWS Cloud using Amazon ECS. The development team recently started usingAWS Fargateinstead of EC2 in the ECS cluster. The company is worried about reaching themaximum number of ECS tasksallowed in the account.

A solutions architect must implement a solution that notifies the development team when Fargate usage reaches80% of the quota.

What should the architect do?

Options:

Use CloudWatch to monitor the Sample Count for each service. Alert when usage exceeds 80%.

Use CloudWatch to monitor ECS service quotas under the AWS/Usage namespace. Create an alarm when utilization exceeds 80%. Notify via SNS.

Use a Lambda function to poll Fargate metrics. Notify via SES when usage exceeds 80%.

Use AWS Config to monitor Fargate quotas. Notify via SES if non-compliant.

Expert Solution

Questions # 120:

A retail company is hosting an ecommerce website on AWS across multiple AWS Regions. The company wants the website to be operational at all times for online purchases. The website stores data in an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance.

Which solution will provide the HIGHEST availability for the database?

Options:

Configure automated backups on Amazon RDS. In the case of disruption, promote an automated backup to be a standalone DB instance. Direct database traffic to the promoted DB instance. Create a replacement read replica that has the promoted DB instance as its source.

Configure global tables and read replicas on Amazon RDS. Activate the cross-Region scope. In the case of disruption, use AWS Lambda to copy the read replicas from one Region to another Region.

Configure global tables and automated backups on Amazon RDS. In the case of disruption, use AWS Lambda to copy the read replicas from one Region to another Region.

Configure read replicas on Amazon RDS. In the case of disruption, promote a cross-Region and read replica to be a standalone DB instance. Direct database traffic to the promoted DB instance. Create a replacement read replica that has the promoted DB instance as its source.

Expert Solution

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