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Traceflow: This tool helps in troubleshooting network issues by injecting synthetic packets into the network and observing their path. It allows administrators to trace the packet flow across various network segments, making it easier to identify points of packet loss.

Packet Capture: This tool enables detailed inspection of traffic by capturing packets at specific points in the network. It allows administrators to analyze packet headers and payloads to determine if packet loss is occurring and to identify possible causes.

VMware Aria Operations Networks (formerly known as vRealize Network Insight) is a tool specifically designed for network visibility and troubleshooting. It provides insights into both virtual and physical network infrastructures, making it ideal for identifying problems in a physical network.

master: The master role in NSX Manager is responsible for managing and coordinating the other NSX Manager nodes in the cluster.

policy: The policy role handles the policy-driven API and configuration, allowing administrators to define and manage network and security policies.

controller: The controller role in NSX Manager manages control plane functions and handles routing, switching, and other network state information required for NSX operations.

Using a Transport Node Profile allows the administrator to apply configuration changes, such as specifying an NTP server, across multiple Edge Transport Nodes efficiently. This method is scalable and avoids the need for manual configuration on each individual node. Once the Transport Node Profile is updated, the configuration can be pushed to all associated nodes.

None: No permissions are granted, restricting the user’s access entirely.

Read: Grants read-only access, allowing the user to view configurations and settings without making changes.

Auditor: Similar to Read, but typically includes access to audit logs and more detailed viewing permissions for compliance purposes.

Full Access: Grants complete control over all NSX configurations and settings, allowing unrestricted access.

When a stateful service (such as NAT or firewall) is enabled for the first time on a Tier-0 Gateway, the Service Router (SR) is instantiated on the NSX Edge node and automatically connected with the Distributed Router (DR). This connection enables the Tier-0 Gateway to handle stateful services by routing traffic through the SR, which manages stateful packet processing, while the DR provides distributed routing functionality.

If Distributed Firewall Rule hit counts are not being logged, it is likely because Distributed Firewall Rule logging is not enabled. For hit counts to appear in the logs, logging must be explicitly enabled on each firewall rule where tracking is required. Without enabling logging at the rule level, no hit count information will be recorded in syslog.

The set service nsx-manager log-level debug command is used to set the NSX Manager’s logging level to debug mode. Setting the log level to debug can provide more detailed logging information, which is useful for troubleshooting issues within the NSX Manager.

It supports a 4-byte autonomous system number: BGP on a Tier-0 Gateway supports 4-byte AS (Autonomous System) numbers, which are necessary for larger routing domains.

Can be used as an Exterior Gateway Protocol: BGP is commonly used as an Exterior Gateway Protocol to establish routing between different autonomous systems (AS).

BGP is enabled by default: On a Tier-0 Gateway, BGP is typically enabled by default, allowing administrators to configure it for external routing.

The Traceflow tool in NSX injects synthetic traffic into the data plane and monitors the traffic flow through the network, allowing administrators to observe how the traffic is handled at each hop. This approach helps identify issues such as dropped packets, routing errors, or misconfigurations by providing visibility into the path taken by the traffic and any potential disruptions.