Pass the The Open Group ArchiMate 3 Foundation OGA-031 Questions and answers with CertsForce

According to the ArchiMate 3.2 Specification1, the ArchiMate core language defines a structure of generic elements and their relationships, which can be specialized in different layers. Three layers are defined within the ArchiMate core language as follows:

The Business Layer depicts business services offered to customers, which are realized in the organization by business processes performed by business actors and roles.

The Application Layer depicts application services that support the business, and the applications that realize them.

The Technology Layer comprises both information and operational technology. You can model, for example, processing, storage, and communication technology in support of the application world and Business Layers, and model operational or physical technology with facilities, physical equipment, materials, and distribution networks.

According to the ArchiMate® 3.2 Specification1, external active structure elements are also called interfaces. An interface represents a point of access where one or more services are offered by an active structure element to its environment1. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Interfaces.

The diagram uses the ArchiMate notation for a goal element and an aggregation relationship. A goal element represents an end state that a stakeholder intends to achieve. An aggregation relationship indicates that a whole is composed of parts. In this case, the goal ‘Reduce Expense Ratio from 13% to 11%’ is composed of three sub-goals that contribute to its achievement.

References: ArchiMate® 3.2 Specification, Chapter 10: Motivation Elements, Section 10.1 Goal; Chapter 5: Relationships, Section 5.2 Aggregation.

Based on the ArchiMate 3 documents or objectives, a capability represents an ability that an active structure element, such as an organization, person, or system, possesses. An outcome represents an end result that has been achieved. A realization relationship indicates that an entity plays a critical role in the creation, achievement, sustenance, or operation of a more abstract entity. The diagram uses a realization relationship from the Digital customer management capability to the Excellent online customer interaction outcome to indicate that the capability realizes the outcome.

References: ArchiMate® 3.2 Specification, Chapter 7 Strategy Elements, Section 7.2 Structure Elements 1; ArchiMate® 3.2 Specification, Chapter 5 Relationships, Section 5.1 Structural Relationships 1; Capability Map: Artifact of Vision Phase - Visual Paradigm Guides 2.

Based on the ArchiMate 3 documents or objectives, the diagram uses a specialization relationship to indicate that the two business roles Travel Insurance Claim Analyst and Home Insurance Product Specialist are more specific versions of the business role Specialist. A specialization relationship is a type of structural relationship that indicates that an object is a specialization of another object. The notation for a specialization relationship is a solid line with an empty triangle at the end that points to the more general element.

References: ArchiMate® 3.2 Specification, Chapter 4 Generic Metamodel, Section 4.1 Behavior and Structure Elements, Subsection 4.1.2 Structural Relationships 1; ArchiMate Specialization Relationship - ArchiMate Quick Guide - GitBook 2.

According to the physical elements metamodel, a facility is a specialization of a node, which is an active structure element that represents a computational or physical resource that hosts, manipulates, or interacts with other computational or physical resources. A facility can be used to model physical buildings or locations.

References: Physical Layer: Part 1 - Metamodel1; ArchiMate® 3.0.1 Specification, Chapter 9: Physical Elements2.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

TheChief Marketing Officer (CMO)in this diagram is depicted as astakeholder, as it representsan individual or a group with concerns about market share.

InArchiMate 3.2, astakeholderis an entity thathas an interest in the outcomes of enterprise architecture, business processes, or strategic goals. TheMarket Shareconcept represents abusiness driver or key metric, which directly aligns withstakeholder concernsin an organization.

Analysis of Answer Choices:

✅A. Business Actor→❌Incorrect.

ABusiness Actorrepresents anorganizational entity that performs behavior(e.g., a company, department, or system).

TheCMO is an individual with a concern (Market Share), not a system or department performing business processes.

ArchiMate 3.2 Specification, Section 6.2.1, states that aBusiness Actor is an operational entity rather than a strategic role or stakeholder.

✅B. Role→❌Incorrect.

ARolerepresents aresponsibility or job function assigned to actors, but thediagram does not depict responsibilities or assigned functions.

Arole is usually linked to a business actor, while theCMO in this context is linked to a business concern (Market Share).

ArchiMate 3.2 Specification, Section 6.3.1, states thatroles are used to define responsibilities, whereas stakeholders are used to define concerns.

✅C. Stakeholder→✅Correct Answer

TheCMO represents a strategic position with concerns about business performance, making it aStakeholderin ArchiMate.

ArchiMate 3.2 Specification, Section 6.2.1, definesStakeholder as an entity concerned with outcomes and business goals, exactly fitting the context of this diagram.

✅D. Actor→❌Incorrect.

AnActorin ArchiMate is used to defineentities performing business behaviors(such as a department or a system).

TheCMO is not performing an explicit business function but rather has concerns about market performance.

Final Answer:✅C. Stakeholder

References:

ArchiMate 3.2 Specification: Sections 6.2.1 (Stakeholder), 6.3.1 (Role), and 6.2.1 (Business Actor).

Archi User Guide: Defining stakeholders and their concerns in Enterprise Architecture.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

This diagram represents agoal decomposition modelinArchiMate, specifically illustratinghow multiple lower-level goals contribute to a higher-level goal.

The top three goals ("Increase Premium," "Reduce Consultant Usage," and "Increase Internal Labor Expense") are connected to "Reduce Expense Ratio" using an aggregation relationship.

Aggregation in ArchiMate indicates that multiple elements together contribute to forming a larger whole.

This means"Reduce Expense Ratio from 15% to 10%" is composed of these three contributing goals.

Analysis of Answer Choices:

✅A. The goal "Reduce Expense Ratio from 15% to 10%" combines three other goals.→✅Correct Answer

The aggregation relationship used in the diagram indicates that the three top-level goals together support or combine to form the "Reduce Expense Ratio" goal.

ArchiMate 3.2 Specification, Section 6.4.1, states thatAggregation represents a "whole-part" relationship, meaning the main goal (Reduce Expense Ratio) is achieved by achieving the contributing goals.

✅B. The goal "Reduce Expense Ratio from 15% to 10%" will be achieved if at least one of the other three goals is achieved.→❌Incorrect

This would require an Influence or Contribution relationshiprather than Aggregation.

Aggregation meansall three goals contribute to the overall goal, not just one of them.

✅C. The goal "Reduce Expense Ratio from 15% to 10%" must be achieved before any of the other three goals is achieved.→❌Incorrect

This would imply a triggering or dependency relationship, which is not present in the diagram.

The diagram does not indicate a sequence of achievements.

✅D. The goal "Reduce Expense Ratio from 15% to 10%" is similar to the three other goals.→❌Incorrect

Therelationship shown is not equivalence or similarity, butaggregation, meaning the three smaller goals form part of the main goal.

Final Answer:✅A. The goal "Reduce Expense Ratio from 15% to 10%" combines three other goals.

References:

ArchiMate 3.2 Specification: Sections 6.4.1 (Aggregation) and 6.2.2 (Goal Decomposition).

Archi User Guide: Understanding goal decomposition and strategic planning.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

This diagram represents agoal-driven modelwhere thebottom element(Let customers choose how they interact with ArchiSurance) describes ahigh-level objective or outcome, while thetop elementsrepresentspecific implementations that fulfill this objective.

InArchiMate 3.2, theRealization relationshipis used when:

A higher-level concept (e.g., a goal or requirement) is realized by more specific lower-level elements.

Concrete solutions (e.g., features or processes) implement or fulfill an abstract goal.

Understanding the Diagram:

Thegoal is to let customers choose how they interact with ArchiSurance.

The two elements at the top("Add secure email message submission" and "Add click-to-chat feature") are specific solutions that make this goal achievable.

This fitsexactlywith theRealization relationship, where agoal or requirement is realized by specific actions.

Analysis of Answer Choices:

✅A. Aggregation→❌Incorrect

Aggregation represents a "whole-part" relationship, where elements can exist independently of the whole.

Thetop elements are not separate, independent componentsbut rather implementations of the bottom element.

✅B. Access→❌Incorrect

Access relationships are used for information flow, such as reading, writing, or modifying data.

This model is aboutrealizing a business objective, not accessing data.

✅C. Realization→✅Correct Answer

The bottom element is a higher-level goal, and the top elementsimplementorrealizeit.

ArchiMate 3.2 Specification, Section 6.4.9, states thatRealization relationships link abstract concepts (like goals) to concrete implementations (like processes, services, or functions).

✅D. Specialization→❌Incorrect

Specialization relationships are used when one concept is a subtype of another.

Thetop elements are not specialized versions of the bottom element; rather, theyimplementit.

Final Answer:✅C. Realization

References:

ArchiMate 3.2 Specification: Section 6.4.9 (Realization Relationship).

Archi User Guide: Understanding goal realization and requirement fulfillment.

According to the ArchiMate 3.2 Specification1, a capability is an ability that an active structure element, such as an organization, person, or system, possesses. A requirement is a statement of need that must be realized by a system. Capabilities and requirements are both motivation elements that represent the reasons for designing and implementing an architecture.

The ArchiMate language defines two relationships that are permitted between capabilities and requirements:

Assigned to: This relationship links a requirement to a core element (such as a business actor, a business service, a business process, an application service, an application component, etc.) that is responsible for realizing it. The core element may be assigned to a capability that enables it to realize the requirement.

Realizes: This relationship links a capability to a requirement that is fully or partially realized by that capability.