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Each of these agencies hasspecific cybercrime responsibilities:

FBI:Investigatescyberterrorism, hacking, and fraudcases.

USSS:Focuses onfinancial crimes, identity theft, and cyber fraud.

ICE:Monitorscross-border cybercrimes and human trafficking cases.

USPI:Handlesmail fraud, package tracking, and digital scamsrelated to postal services.

These agenciescollaboratewithprivate sector cybersecurity expertsandinternational law enforcementto combat cyber threats​.

References:

McAfee Institute Cyber Crime Investigator’s Guide

FBI Cybercrime Task Force Manual

US Secret Service Financial Crimes Unit

Non-delivery fraudoccurs when abuyer makes a paymentbutnever receives the product. This is one of themost common online fraud schemesused onclassified ad sites, social media marketplaces, and dark web platforms.

References:McAfee Institute CCII Fraud Investigations Guide, OSINT Handbook​.

Thethree main types of evidencein cyber investigations are:

Direct Evidence– Witness testimony, live observations, or real-time recordings.

Documentary Evidence– Written or recorded material such as logs, emails, contracts.

Demonstrative Evidence– Visual aids, reconstructions, or interactive representations of data.

Each type plays a critical role inproving digital cases, especially in court proceedings​.

References:

McAfee Institute Cybercrime Investigator’s Guide

Digital Forensics Standards and Evidence Classification

U.S. Department of Justice Cyber Investigations Handbook

Addiction-driven shoplifters oftenuse trains or public transportationto move betweenmultiple retail locations, stealing and selling items to fund their drug use.Buying tickets avoids suspicionand allows them tomove freely without using personal vehicles (which could be traced).

References:McAfee Institute CCII Retail Theft Analysis, Cyber Crime Investigator’s Field Guide​.

Computer-generated evidence must bevalidatedbefore being used in court. Forensic experts employ:

Hashing techniques– MD5, SHA-256 for data integrity.

Digital signatures and timestamps– Ensuring authenticity.

Audit trails and access logs– Tracking modifications.

Without proper validation,altered evidencecan mislead investigations​.

References:

McAfee Institute Cyber Evidence Authentication Guide

DOJ Cybercrime Evidence Validation Protocols

Federal Digital Forensic Examination Manual

Digital evidence can change rapidly due to user modifications or platform restrictions.Screen capturesprovide a legally defensible record of information at a given point in time. Tools likeHunchly, Maltego, and OSINT Captureare often used toauthenticatescreenshots and ensure chain-of-custody compliance​.

References:

McAfee Institute OSINT Techniques

FBI Digital Evidence Collection Guidelines

Chain of Custody for Digital Forensics

Screen recording software providescontinuous,timestamped, andunalteredrecordings of user interactions, ensuring the evidence retains context and authenticity. Screenshots can be edited or manipulated, reducing credibility in legal proceedings​.

References:

McAfee Institute Cyber Intelligence Training

OSINT Capture and Evidence Management Guides

Federal Rules of Digital Evidence

Non-delivery of goods fraudhappens when afraudster advertises an item, accepts payment, but never delivers it. This scam is frequently seen inonline retail fraud, e-commerce platforms, and fake dropshipping schemes.

References:McAfee Institute CCII Cyber Fraud Module, Cyber Crime Encyclopedia​.

Operational intelligenceisreal-time or near-term intelligenceused forongoing operations. It helps:

Law enforcement agencies prevent crimesthrough surveillance and monitoring.

Businesses and governments detect cybersecurity threatsbefore they escalate.

Counterterrorism teams assess risks and respond rapidlyto threats.

Operational intelligence is different fromstrategic intelligence, which focuses onlong-term analysisof trends and threats.

References:McAfee Institute CCII Intelligence Categories, National Security Strategy Reports​.

The"Fruit of the Poisonous Tree" doctrinestates thatany evidence obtained illegallyis inadmissible in court. If investigatorsviolate constitutional protectionswhen gathering evidence, any subsequent evidence derived from itcannot be used​.

References:

U.S. Supreme Court Rulings on Digital Privacy

McAfee Institute Cyber Investigation Training

Legal Precedents in Digital Evidence Collection