Pass the LPI BSD Specialist 702-100 Questions and answers with CertsForce

A symbolic link, or symlink, is a special type of file that points to another file or directory on the file system1. When creating a symbolic link with the ln command, the syntax is as follows:

ln -s target link

where target is the file or directory to link to, and link is the name of the symbolic link2. If the link name already exists, the ln command will fail and display an error message indicating that the target already exists3. This is because the ln command does not overwrite existing files or directories by default4. Therefore, the only way to create a symbolic link with the same name as an existing file or directory is to manually remove the existing target first, and then run the ln command again. Alternatively, the ln command can be used with the -f (force) option, which will remove the existing target and create the symbolic link in one step4. However, this option is not mentioned in the question, so the correct answer is A.

References: 1: How to Create Symbolic Links in Linux [Complete Guide] - Linux Handbook 2: Ln Command in Linux (Create Symbolic Links) | Linuxize 3: How to Create and Use Symbolic Links (aka Symlinks) on Linux - How-To Geek 4: Symbolic Links in Unix/Linux - Stack Abuse

The file /etc/rc.conf contains values for Management Information Bases (MIBs) which are set during system startup. This file is used to configure system-wide settings, including the enabling and disabling of services, network settings, and other startup configurations2.

References:

FreeBSD Handbook - The FreeBSD Booting Process

The command mkdir (short for make directory) creates a new directory with the specified name. The command takes one or more arguments, which are the names of the directories to be created. If the name contains spaces or other special characters, it should be enclosed in quotes. For example, mkdir “My Documents” creates a directory named My Documents. The command also accepts some options, such as -p, which creates the parent directories if they do not exist, or -m, which sets the permissions of the new directory. For example, mkdir -p -m 755 /usr/local/bin creates the directory /usr/local/bin and its parent directories /usr and /usr/local, and sets the permissions of /usr/local/bin to 755 (read, write and execute for the owner, read and execute for the group and others). References:

[mkdir(1) - FreeBSD Manual Pages]

[How to Create a Directory in Linux - Linuxize]

The find command is used to search for files and directories that match certain criteria. The - -type option specifies the type of file to look for, and the d argument means directories. The . argument means the current directory. Therefore, the command find - -type d searches for all directories within the current directory. The other options are either invalid or do not match the question. References: 1: https://www.comptia.org/training/books/a-core-1-220-1101-study-guide, page 301  2: https://www.howtogeek.com/771399/how-to-use-the-find-command-in-linux/, section “The Linux find Command”

A /24 IPv4 prefix provides 256 IP addresses, which is the number of addresses in one octet (2^8). A /28 subnet has 16 IP addresses (2^4). To calculate how many /28 subnets can fit into a /24 prefix, divide the total number of addresses in the /24 prefix by the number of addresses in a /28 subnet: 256 / 16 = 16. However, since each subnet has network and broadcast addresses that cannot be used for hosts, the actual number of usable subnets is less. In practice, you can create 16 subnets, each with 14 usable IP addresses for hosts.

References:

Subnet Cheat Sheet

IP Subnet Calculator

The directories that contain start scripts for services on FreeBSD are /usr/rc.d/ and /usr/local/etc/rc.d/. The /usr/rc.d/ directory contains the system-provided scripts for the base system services, such as cron, sshd, syslogd, etc. The /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ directory contains the scripts for the additional services installed from ports or packages, such as apache, mysql, nginx, etc. These scripts follow the BSD rc.d framework, which allows for fine-grained control and customization of the startup process. The scripts are invoked by the main /etc/rc script, which sources the /etc/rc.conf file for configuration options

https://docs.freebsd.org/en/articles/rc-scripting/

This command and option can be used to perform a reverse DNS lookup, which is the process of finding the domain name or hostname associated with an IP address. The dig command is a tool that can query DNS servers for various types of records, such as A, MX, NS, PTR, etc. The -x option tells dig to perform a reverse DNS lookup by sending a PTR query to the DNS server. For example, to perform a reverse DNS lookup for the IP address 8.8.8.8, the following command can be used:

dig -x 8.8.8.8

The output of this command will show the PTR record for 8.8.8.8, which is dns.google. This means that the hostname for 8.8.8.8 is dns.google. Reverse DNS lookups are useful for verifying the identity of a host, checking for mail server configuration, or troubleshooting network problems

The name of the NetBSD installation program is sysinst. It is the standard installer used by NetBSD for setting up the system on a new machine. The sysinst program guides users through the installation process, including disk partitioning, package selection, and system configuration45.

References:

NetBSD Guide - Example installation

NetBSD Guide - Installing NetBSD: Preliminary considerations and preparations