Pass the Fortinet NSE 7 Network Security Architect NSE7_PBC-7.2 Questions and answers with CertsForce

A. The peer GRE address is the FortiGate external interface IP address. This is the IP address of the FortiGate interface that is connected to the transit gateway attachment subnet1. This IP address is used to establish the GRE tunnel between the FortiGate and the transit gateway2. B. The Transit Gateway GRE address is auto-generated. This is the IP address of the transit gateway that is used to establish the GRE tunnel with the FortiGate2. This IP address is automatically assigned by AWS from the Transit Gateway CIDR range that you specify when you create the Connect attachment3.

The other options are incorrect because:

The BGP inside CIDR blocks cannot be any CIDR block with /29. They must be a /29 CIDR block from the 169.254.0.0/16 range for IPv4, or a /125 CIDR block from the fd00::/8 range for IPv64. These are the inside IP addresses that are used for BGP peering over the GRE tunnel4.

The Peer GRE address is not the FortiGate internal interface IP address. The internal interface IP address is used to route traffic from the FortiGate to the VPC subnet where the third-party appliance (such as SD-WAN) is located1. The Peer GRE address is used to route traffic from the FortiGate to the transit gateway over the GRE tunnel2.

To keep track of sensitive data files located in AWS S3 buckets and protect them from malware, the administrator should use:

C. FortiCNP DLP policies.

Data Loss Prevention (DLP): DLP policies are designed to detect and prevent unauthorized access or sharing of sensitive data. In the context of AWS S3, DLP policies can be used to scan for sensitive information stored in S3 objects and enforce protective measures to prevent data exfiltration or compromise.

FortiCNP Integration: FortiCNP is Fortinet’s cloud-native protection platform that offers security and compliance solutions across cloud environments. By applying DLP policies within FortiCNP, the administrator can ensure sensitive data within S3 is monitored and protected consistently.

References: Fortinet's FortiCNP documentation provides information on implementing DLP policies within cloud environments, highlighting the capabilities for protecting sensitive data within cloud storage services like AWS S3.

When an administrator decides to use the 'Use managed identity' option for the FortiGate SDN connector with Microsoft Azure and faces a connection failure, the correct action to take is:

C. Make sure to enable the system assigned managed identity on Azure.

Managed Identity Configuration: The system assigned managed identity is a feature in Azure that provides an identity for the Azure service instance (in this case, the FortiGate SDN connector) within Azure Active Directory and eliminates the need for credentials to be stored in the configuration.

Troubleshooting Connection Issues: If the SDN connector is failing to connect, it could be because the system assigned managed identity has not been enabled or configured properly in Azure for the FortiGate service.

References: Azure documentation on managed identities explains the need to enable and configure this feature for services to authenticate and interact securely with Azure resources.

This is because the Linux1 EC2 instance is not accessible directly from the internet using its public IP address in AWS.

An internet gateway is a horizontally scaled, redundant, and highly available VPC component that allows communication between instances in your VPC and the internet. Without an internet gateway, the Linux1 EC2 instance cannot receive or send traffic to or from the internet, even if it has a public IP address assigned to it.

To fix this issue, you need to attach an internet gateway to the Spoke VPC A and configure a route table that directs internet-bound traffic to the internet gateway. You also need to ensure that the Linux1 EC2 instance has a security group that allows inbound and outbound traffic on the desired ports.

[Internet Gateways - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud] : [Attach an Internet Gateway to Your VPC - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud] : [Security Groups for Your VPC - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud]

To deploy a FortiGate HA solution in AWS using Terraform, you need to create an AWS IAM user with permissions to access the AWS resources and services required by the FortiGate-VM. You also need to use CloudShell to install Terraform, which is a tool for building, changing, and versioning infrastructure as code.

References:

Deploying FortiGate-VM using Terraform | AWS Administration Guide

Setting up IAM roles | AWS Administration Guide

Launching the instance using roles and user data | AWS Administration Guide

Terraform by HashiCorp

The statement that best describes the concept of immutable infrastructure in the context of automation is:

A. It is the practice of deploying a new server for every configuration change.

Immutable Infrastructure Concept: This approach to infrastructure management involves replacing servers or components entirely rather than making changes to existing configurations once they are deployed. When a change is needed, a new server instance is provisioned with the desired configuration and the old one is decommissioned after the new one is successfully deployed and tested.

Benefits: Immutable infrastructure minimizes the risks associated with in-place updates, such as inconsistencies or failures due to configuration drift. It enhances reliability and predictability by ensuring that the deployed environment matches exactly what was tested in staging. This practice is particularly aligned with modern deployment strategies like blue/green or canary deployments.

References: The concept of immutable infrastructure is widely discussed in DevOps and cloud computing literature as a method to increase consistency and fault tolerance in automated environments.

Based on the provided exhibit showing an active-passive FortiGate High Availability (HA) pair with external and internal Azure load balancers and without the use of an SDN connector, the administrator should implement a Probe IP address with two static routes (Option B).

Probe IP Address: Azure load balancers use a health probe to determine the health of the instances in the backend pool. The health probe ensures that the load balancer only directs traffic to the active (primary) FortiGate in an HA pair.

Two Static Routes: Given that this is an active-passive setup, static routing should be used to ensure deterministic traffic flow. Two static routes would be configured to ensure that traffic can flow to the active unit and be correctly routed to the protected subnets in failover scenarios.

References: The recommendation for using a Probe IP address with static routes is based on Azure's best practices for load balancer configuration, particularly for HA scenarios, as well as on Fortinet's HA documentation for cloud deployments. This setup ensures high availability while allowing proper traffic distribution based on the health probe's findings.

Confirming to delete all the resources in Terraform will have the following impact:

D. It destroys all the resources in the state file.

Terraform State File Role: The terraform.tfstate file contains a real-time mapping of the resources that Terraform manages, including their current configuration and relationships. This file tracks the actual state of resources provisioned by Terraform.

Impact of Destruction: When Terraform prompts for confirmation to destroy resources, and 'yes' is entered, Terraform reads the state file and systematically removes all the resources that are managed as part of that state. This is not limited to a specific .tfvars file, IAM user, or resource group—it is a global action that affects all resources tracked by the state file associated with the current Terraform workspace and configuration.

References: The function of the terraform.tfstate file and the impact of resource destruction are detailed in Terraform's official documentation. This behavior is fundamental to how Terraform manages infrastructure as code.

When deploying resources in multiple places and regions in the public cloud using Terraform, the most efficient way is:

A. Use multiple terraform.tfvars files with a variables.tf file.

Terraform.tfvars File: This file is used to assign values to variables defined in your Terraform configuration. By having multiple .tfvars files, you can define different sets of values for different deployments, such as for different regions or environments, without changing the main configuration.

Variables.tf File: This file contains the definition of variables that will be used within your Terraform configuration. It works in conjunction with terraform.tfvars files, allowing you to parameterize your configuration so that you can deploy the same template in multiple environments with different variables.

References: This method is outlined in Terraform's official documentation and is a best practice for reusing code for different environments in infrastructure as code (IaC) deployments.