Behavior therapy is grounded in learning theory and focuses on observable behavior and the environmental conditions that maintain it. A key procedure is functional analysis, often described in terms of A–B–C:

A – Antecedents: What happens before the behavior?

B – Behavior: The specific, observable behavior.

C – Consequences: What happens after the behavior that might reinforce or punish it?

Option D, mapping antecedents and consequences, directly reflects this core emphasis of behavior therapy—understanding what triggers behaviors and what maintains them, so that interventions can be designed to change environmental contingencies and support new, adaptive behaviors.

A (collaborative relationship) is important in almost all approaches but is not a unique emphasis of behavior therapy.

B (personal awareness) aligns more with insight-oriented or humanistic approaches.

C (moral behavior) does not reflect standard behavior therapy focus, which is on learning processes, not moral judgment.

Mastery of theoretical orientations like behavior therapy fits under Areas of Clinical Focus, where counselors must know how different models conceptualize problems and guide intervention choices.