A just culture balances accountability for individual behaviors with systemic improvements to prevent errors, recognizing that most errors stem from system failures rather than individual negligence (The Joint Commission, Just Culture Framework, 2024; Dekker, Just Culture, 2017). Creating this balance encourages open reporting, learning from errors, and fair consequences where willful violations occur. This approach enhances trust and safety culture, supporting continuous improvement. Regular safety culture assessments (Option A) and lessons learned (Option C) support but do not fully define just culture. Prioritizing only events reaching patients (Option D) neglects near misses, which are crucial for proactive safety management. Just culture principles are embedded in healthcare accreditation and patient safety initiatives globally.