The correct answer is C because implied consent means permission is inferred from a person’s conduct, behaviour, or the surrounding circumstances , rather than being stated clearly in words or writing. In privacy and regulatory compliance concepts relevant to brokers, this is different from express consent , where the individual explicitly agrees.

The uploaded PIPEDA material explains that organizations must consider the appropriate form of consent, either express or implied , and states that while consent should generally be express, it can be implied in strictly defined circumstances . It also says the choice between implied and express consent depends on factors such as the sensitivity of the information and the reasonable expectations of the individual . Where information is sensitive, outside reasonable expectations, or creates a meaningful risk of harm, express consent is generally required .

That is why A and D describe forms of explicit or declared permission, not implied consent. B is too vague and does not describe consent itself. From a RIBO perspective, brokers must understand that relying on implied consent has limits. For important changes, sensitive information, or uses outside the client’s reasonable expectations, proper express client consent should be obtained and documented.