CEH v13 emphasizes that insecure deserialization is one of the most dangerous application vulnerabilities because it can lead to arbitrary code execution, bypassing authentication, authorization, and session protections entirely.
Even with MFA, encrypted cookies, and WAFs, deserialization flaws allow attackers to manipulate serialized objects used in session handling. When deserialized without validation, these objects may execute attacker-controlled code.
CSRF relies on authenticated users. Side jacking is mitigated by encryption. Session fixation is ineffective if session regeneration and MFA are implemented. Insecure deserialization, however, attacks the application logic itself, making it the most effective option.
Thus, Option D is correct.
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