Ethical hacking, as defined throughout CEH courseware, is the authorized and legitimate process of identifying vulnerabilities, weaknesses, and misconfigurations in information systems. The primary objective is to strengthen security by discovering issues before malicious actors can exploit them. Ethical hackers follow strict legal guidelines, obtain written permission, and operate within a defined scope to ensure their activities contribute positively to the organization’s security posture. Unlike malicious hacking, the intent is not to steal data, cause harm, or disrupt operations. Ethical hackers use the same tools, techniques, and methodologies that attackers use, but with the purpose of remediation and risk reduction. CEH emphasizes that ethical hacking supports defense-in-depth strategies by enabling organizations to harden their environments and proactively mitigate threats. Therefore, identifying and fixing vulnerabilities is the central mission of ethical hacking.