Low I/O thread activity with blocked throughput often indicates thatproducer callbacks are consuming too much time, causing the sender thread to block while waiting for onCompletion() to finish.
FromKafka Producer Performance Guide:
“Expensive logic in callbacks (e.g., I/O or complex computation) can block the sender thread, reducing throughput.”
Compression (A) may slightly impact CPU but not I/O thread usage.
Large batches (B) improve throughput if managed correctly.
A Layer 2 network issue (C) would lead to packet loss, not specifically low callback metrics.
[Reference:Kafka Producer Metrics and Performance Tuning, ============]
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