The two routers synchronize configurations to provide consistent packet forwarding

The two routers negotiate one router as the active router and the other as the standby router

Each router has a different IP address, both routers act as the default gateway on the LAN, and traffic is load-balanced between them

The two routers share a virtual IP address that is used as the default gateway for devices on the LAN

The two routers share the same interface IP address and default gateway traffic is load-balanced between them