Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is most valuable while product and process decisions remain open to change. Design FMEA examines design weaknesses; Process FMEA examines potential manufacturing mistakes and control failures. Analysts identify failure modes, effects, causes and safeguards, then prioritise actions using severity, occurrence and detection or a modern action-priority scheme. FMEA should be updated after process modifications and field failures, but its preventive value is highest before mass production commits resources to an unsuitable design. Reliable operations depend on designing out avoidable faults and responding systematically when failures occur. Teams should capture defect and incident evidence, identify root causes and test corrective actions. A response that merely restores service without addressing repeat failure may increase long-term operating costs. The appropriate selection is before manufacturing begins. This follows from the distinction between the concept described and the alternative activities or measures in the answer choices. Documented responsibilities, suitable spare capacity and tested recovery arrangements can reduce the duration and consequences of disruption.
Study Guide Reference: CIPS L5M9 – Explain techniques in failure prevention and recovery that can be applied in operations management; the uploaded question bank cites study-guide page(s) 97.
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