Organizations providing ESG news and controversy alerts (Option C) specialize in tracking events, controversies, and risks related to corporate governance, sustainability, and ethics. These firms, like RepRisk, Sustainalytics, and MSCI ESG Controversies, monitor negative ESG incidents such as fraud, pollution, or labor rights violations that could affect a company’s reputation and financial performance.

Advisory services (Option A) typically provide ESG strategy development, integration, and reporting but do not focus solely on controversies.

Integrated research (Option B) involves comprehensive ESG analysis, ratings, and benchmarking, but not specifically controversy monitoring.