Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C, and D are transmitted through blood and body fluids.
According to CDC and WHO guidelines:
“Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route via ingestion of contaminated food or water.”
[Reference:, CDC. Viral Hepatitis Surveillance — United States, 2020., WHO. Hepatitis A Fact Sheet, 2022., —, —]
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