A life cycle assessment (LCA) would be used to determine environmental aspects and impacts. Environmental aspects are the elements or characteristics of a product or service that can interact with the environment, such as emissions, energy use, water use, waste generation, etc. Environmental impacts are the effects or consequences of the environmental aspects on the environment, such as climate change, acidification, eutrophication, human health, biodiversity, etc1

A life cycle assessment (LCA) is a systematic analysis of the potential environmental impacts of products or services during their entire life cycle. During an LCA, you evaluate the potential environmental impacts throughout the entire life cycle of a product (production, distribution, use and disposal) by considering all the relevant environmental aspects and their interactions with the environment23

An LCA can help you:

Identify the most significant environmental aspects and impacts of your product or service

Compare the environmental performance of different products or services

Find opportunities to reduce the environmental impacts and improve the environmental performance of your product or service

Communicate the environmental benefits of your product or service to your customers, stakeholders, and regulators

Therefore, an LCA would be used to determine environmental aspects and impacts.

References: 1: Environmental Aspect Definition 2: Life-cycle assessment - Wikipedia 1 3: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) - Complete Beginner’s Guide - Ecochain 2