Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) corrosion, particularly in crude unit overhead systems, is aggressive toward carbon steel and stainless steels.
According to API RP 571, nickel-based alloys, such as Monel (Ni–Cu alloys), exhibit excellent resistance to hydrochloric acid corrosion and are commonly used for:
Overhead piping
Injection quills
High-risk corrosion zones
Why the other options are incorrect:
Duplex and 300 series stainless steels are highly susceptible to chloride corrosion and SCC.
Copper-based materials alone lack sufficient resistance and structural strength in refinery HCl environments.
Referenced Documents (Study Basis):
API RP 571 – Section on Hydrochloric Acid Corrosion
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