Fly, a manufacturer of indoor and outdoor heaters, has production facilities that are not running at their full capacity because of piled up inventory. Fly offers a discount to retailers who purchase heaters while the weather is still warm, because the cold months are still at least three months away. Based on historical sales data, Digimart, a retailer, picks up 200 heaters from Fly at a discount of 30% on the usual price. This scenario is an example of a(n) _____.