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Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is widely used for network management and monitoring. It allows administrators to monitor and manage network devices such as routers, switches, and servers by collecting information on device performance, status, and errors.

SNMP: Provides a framework for exchanging management information between network devices. It helps in monitoring network performance, detecting faults, and configuring devices remotely.

Other Protocols:

DHCP: Used for dynamic IP address assignment.

DNS: Resolves domain names to IP addresses.

NTP: Synchronizes time across network devices.

References:

Cisco DevNet Associate Certification Guide

Cisco SNMP Overview

The Bash script shown in the exhibit performs the following actions:

Updates the list of available packages using brew update.

Installs Docker using brew install docker.

Upgrades pip and installs tensorflow and pytorch using pip install.

Pulls the latest TensorFlow Docker image using docker pull tensorflow/tensorflow:latest.

This script is designed to install the necessary software packages (Docker, TensorFlow, PyTorch) required for a machine learning-based application. It does not create or remove any software packages but installs them.

References:

Cisco DevNet Associate Certification Guide

Docker Documentation

Homebrew Documentation

Pip Documentation

The Waterfall model is a linear and sequential approach to software development. In Waterfall, all requirements are specified at the beginning of the project, and each phase (e.g., design, implementation, testing) must be completed before moving on to the next. This makes it less adaptable to changes once the project is underway.

Agile, on the other hand, is an iterative approach that allows for flexible responses to changes in requirements. Agile development is organized into small, incremental cycles called sprints, which typically last 1-4 weeks. During each sprint, a small portion of the project is developed, and changes can be incorporated based on feedback and evolving requirements.

The pip freeze command is used to output installed packages in the current environment and their versions. The > operator redirects this output to a file, in this case, requirements.txt.

pip freeze: Outputs the list of installed packages and their versions.

Redirection: The > operator is used to redirect the output to a file.

Option B is correct as it uses the > operator to redirect the output of pip freeze to requirements.txt.

Cisco Intersight is a platform designed to manage data center infrastructure through third-party tools and system integrations. It provides a unified management platform that integrates with Cisco UCS, HyperFlex, and other data center components, allowing for comprehensive infrastructure management, automation, and orchestration.

References:

Cisco Intersight - Overview

Cisco DevNet Associate Certification Guide

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) applies software development practices to infrastructure management. This approach uses code to provision and manage IT infrastructure, enabling version control, automated testing, and continuous delivery.

Automated Provisioning: IaC scripts automate the setup and configuration of infrastructure resources.

Consistency: By defining infrastructure in code, environments can be consistently reproduced across different stages (development, testing, production).

Development Practices: IaC allows infrastructure to be managed with the same tools and processes as application code, including version control and automated testing.

References:

Infrastructure as Code Overview: IaC Introduction

In the provided Python code, the API_PASSWORD is retrieved from the environment variable API_PASSWORD. To set this environment variable in a Bash shell, the correct command to use is export. This command sets the environment variable for the current shell session and any child processes.

Bash Command: export API_PASSWORD=Cisco123!

This command ensures that the environment variable API_PASSWORD is set to "Cisco123!" and can be accessed by the Python script.

References:

Bash export Command

Cisco DevNet Associate Certification Guide

Routers play a crucial role in networking by providing several key functions, including:

Broadcast Domain Segmentation: Routers separate broadcast domains, preventing broadcast traffic from one network segment from spreading to another. This improves network efficiency and reduces unnecessary traffic.

Routing: Routers forward packets between different networks based on IP addresses, enabling communication between devices on different subnets or networks.

Network Address Translation (NAT): Routers can perform NAT, which allows multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP address.

References:

Cisco DevNet Associate Certification Guide

Cisco Router Functions

The AXL (Administrative XML) API is a SOAP-based API used by Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM) to allow third-party applications to perform administrative tasks. One of the key capabilities of the AXL API is that it allows users to execute SQL commands within CUCM. This capability can be used to query and modify the CUCM database, enabling tasks such as retrieving information about users, devices, and configurations, or making updates to the CUCM system.

References:

Cisco DevNet Associate Certification Guide

Cisco Unified Communications Manager AXL Developer Guide

To obtain a token from the Cisco DNA Center API using HTTP Basic Authentication, the requests library in Python is used. The missing line of code in the snippet should set up HTTP Basic Authentication as follows:

auth=HTTPBasicAuth(user,password)

HTTPBasicAuth: This is a class from the requests.auth module that handles HTTP Basic Authentication.

user, password: These are the credentials required for authentication.

The correct line of code that completes the script to obtain a token from Cisco DNA Center API is:

python

Copy code

auth=HTTPBasicAuth(user,password)

References:

Requests Library Documentation - HTTPBasicAuth

Cisco DevNet Associate Certification Guide