Creating long-term stakeholder value by implementing a strategy that focuses on the ethical, social, environmental, cultural and economic dimensions of doing business is best described as:
Over the last several years a company has traded at an average price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) of 12x, compared to a peer group range of 11x to 13x. If the company implements a new risk management framework to better manage material ESG risks relative to its peers, it would most likely justify a P/E ratio of:
An analyst would most likely increase a company’s discount rate if the company:
Which of the following are most likely to raise the risks of greenwashing by private equity investors? Investors that integrate ESG factors for the purposes of:
ESG rating providers:
Which of the following is most likely a consequence of income inequality?
The European Union (EU) Ecolabel:
Morningstar's offering of ESG products and services is an example of a:
Scorecards to assess ESG factors:
According to a study by Berg, Koelbel, and Rigobon, the correlation of ESG ratings is:
The Jevons paradox refers to:
Which of the following environmental factors for infrastructure projects is most difficult to quantify?
The European Union (EU)'s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is best described as a(n):
The Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark (GRESB) full benchmark report provides a GRESB score. The GRESB score includes and weights which of the following considerations?
Management, policy, and disclosure
Overall portfolio key performance indicator (KPI) performance
When constructing net zero portfolios, investors:
